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In Hartford, Connecticut, the first school for disabled students was established. This school was called American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, dumb referring to individuals who were mute. Most schooling options for those who were disabled took place in Asylums. Educating those who were disabled was seen as a kind of therapy at this time. -
Compulsory Education (Or mandated education) became a law in all states in 1910. This saw many disabled individuals being moved out of asylums and being placed into the public school system. Despite this many public schools did not recognize this individuals as students or deny access due to being unable to accommodate for a students special needs. This saw many students with special needs being kept at home or institutionalized. -
ARC or National Association for Retarded Citizens was established by parents of individuals with developmental disabilities. The ARC is a community based organization that advocates for the rights of those with disabilities and their families. The ARC was also the first organization to put money into research on intellectual and developmental disabilities.
https://thearc.org/about-us/history/ -
This was a landmark supreme court case that found segregation in schooling based on race unconstitutional. The case decerned that segregated schools can never be equal under no circumstances. The case discussed the emotional effect segregation had on children including feelings of inferiority among segregated children. This court decision paved the path for the desegregation of disabled children in the public school system.
https://youtu.be/NBlqcAEv4nk -
A landmark supreme court case that decided that it was unconstitutional to deny education to students who are exceptional based on being unable to accommodate. The courts decided that it is a students right to free education no matter their ability. This court decision was premise to all acts enacted by Congress in the coming years and the premise of the IEP's and accommodations required by public schools. -
A public law enacted by congress to ensure that all children with disabilities would “have a right to education. This law also established a process to hold states that were not complying with this new law accountable. -
With the enactment of the EAHCA Congress required free and appropriate education to all of their students with disabilities. This meant that not only students with special needs were required to be integrated into the public school system but also needed to be accommodated for. IEP or Individual Education plans were implemented in order to ensure students needs were met. Federal funding were provided to states that complied with these new laws in order to aid with implementation. -
The The No Child Left behind act was enacted in order to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. One of the major aspects of this act was that special teachers had to be highly qualified in their subject they taught. This act was created in an attempt to mediate the high drop out rate of students who where in the Special Education program. -
Also known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act was an amendment for Education for All Act. This amendment required that a child's unique needs must be met by their school. It also required that a disabled child's education prepares them for further education, employment and independent living when they are adults. -
https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=rn
A revision of the No Child Left Behind act in order to give the states more flexibility. These changes removed many portions on the act that focused on accountability of the states and school. For example it removed the requirement of special education teachers needing to be highly qualified.