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Brown Vs. Board of Education was essentially the case that changed America. This case declared the operate but equal doctrine that demonstrated the impact that segregated schools had on black children. Integration into public schools was introduced as a result of the case -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed on April 11th, 1965. This Act was a key component to help aid low-income students and to also combat segregation in schools. This Act not only shined the light on equal access to education, established high standards and accountability but most importantly required the inclusion of all students with disabilities in the education system. -
The first federal grant program was created for the education of children and youth with disabilities at a local school level. ESEA Grant Amendments -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children Vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was the first right-to-education suit in the country to overturn Pennsylvania law to secure a quality education for all students. The court ruled that the state could not deny an individual's right to equal access to education based on an intellectual or developmental disability. PARC changed its name to ARC in 1992 and aims to increase opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities -
Mills Vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia was a class action lawsuit brought to the court on behalf of 7 children denied public education by the District because of their disabilities and the cost of supplying them with accommodations to educate them. This case ensures that students with disabilities are entitled to an education and cannot be denied based on the accommodation cost to the school. Mills v. Board of Education District of Columbia -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act & Section 504 Prohibits discrimination against students with disabilities as it relates to federal funding and provides a definition for the term appropriate education. This acts serves to protect students with disabilities. Section 504 -
Educational Amendments Act of 1974 gives students and their families the right to due process in special education classes and grants federal funding for gifted and talented students. Educational Amendments of 1974 -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 is legislation that ensures free and appropriate public education for students with disabilities. This acts requires federal funding for equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with disabilities, Defines the Least Restrictive Environment, and Individualized Education Programs.
Education Act -
The Education of Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986 provided free and appropriate education for students with disabilities ages 3-5 and Early intervention programs for children with disabilities from birth age to two years old. EOH1986 -
Honig Vs. DOE was a very pivotal case because it created a law that Schools cannot expel students for behaviors related to their disabilities. -
In 1990, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act replaced EHA(Education for Handicapped Children Act) with the focus to place more focus on the individual, as opposed to the condition that the person may have. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. This law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities and to provide equal opportunity to employment, accommodations, services, and transportation. ADA -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2021 was an Act that provided Early Intervention Reading Programs, School choice for students from failing schools, Highly qualified teachers, and Increased accountability on schools plus more. -
IDEA Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEIA) provided higher standards for special education teachers such as license and certifications. It also increased funding to early intervention services and the use of Response to Intervention