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Interested in the origin, the reality of nature and the laws of the universe.
Where did everything come from?
How might we describe nature mathematically? Philosophers:
Thale of Miletus (624 B.C - 546 B.C)
Parmenides (515 B.C - 401B.C) -
624 B.C - 546 B.C
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Philosophy shifted from the natural world to human beings and their life in society. They sought to understand the objective nature of reality. Socrates (1170 B.C - 399 B.C)
Plato (427 B.C - 347 B.C)
Aristotle (384 B.C - 323 B.C) -
1170 B.C - 399 B.C
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384 B.C - 323 B.C
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Philosophy was divided into two different tendencies: moral philosophy and the investigation of the natural world.
They were also concerned about happiness. Is death bad for the one who dies? Philosophers: Archimedes (288 B.C - 212 B.C)
Epicurus (341 B.C - 270 B.C) -
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288 B.C - 212 B.C
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Several attempts to create a synthesis between philosophy and Christianity. The key idea of Christian philosophy is based upon the worldview foundation of Christ. Philosophers:
Augustine of Hippo (354 A.D - 430 A.D)
Plotinus (204 A.D - 270 A.D) -
354 A.D - 430 A.D
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They were concerned about the relationship between faith and reason. Their key questions were mainly, about the existence of God and immortality. Philosophers: St. Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274)
Albertus Magnus (1205 - 1280) -
1225 - 1274
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Was mostly centered around humanism, the study of human values and potential. They also explored and studied the classical authors of Greco-Roman culture. Philosophers: Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 - 1527)
Erasmus Desiderius (1466 - 1536) -
1469 - 1527
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1596 - 1650
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They believed that knowledge came from logic and a certain kind of intuition. Philosophers: René Descartes (1596 - 1650)
Gottfried Leibniz (1646 - 1716) -
They believed that people should rely on practical experience and experiments, rather than on theories, as a basis for knowledge. Philosophers: Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679)
John Locke (1632 - 1704) -
1588 - 1679
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The Two Fundamental Characteristics of the Philosophy of Enlightenment are:
1) Faith in the European Reason and human rationality to reject the tradition and the pre-established institutions and thoughts;
2) Search for practical, useful knowledge as the power to control nature. Philosophers: Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778)
Montesquieu (1713 - 1784) -
1689 - 1755
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This period is characterised by having diverse philosophical trends. The principal themes were society, morality, history, human existence. Philosophers: Bertrand Russel (1872 - 1970)
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 - 1900) -
1844 - 1900
