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First Bilingual and Bicultural Public School Started in the United States
Coral Way Elementary School in Dade County, Florida becomes the first public school in the United States to teach bilingual/bicultural education. One of the major motivations of doing so was to accommodate Cuban immigrant children who entered the country with their families after fleeing Cuba due to the Cuban Revolution, which, in turn, led to an increase in multicultural education in the United States. -
Passing of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is passed and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson in order that high-needs students are able to receive the resources necessary to academically succeed. By enacting a law that aids in the educational development of high-needs students, multicultural education is being naturally encouraged. -
Project Head Start Is Introduced into Preschool Education
Project Head Start is created in order to assist preschool-aged children who come from low-income households to receive age-appropriate resources that will positively impact their overall educational, physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Through the creation of this program, multicultural education was able to expand to include early childhood education. -
The Bilingual Education Act Is Passed
The Bilingual Education Act is passed, enabling bilingual students to learn educational content in both their native language and in English. The Bilingual Education Act allowed for a more well-rounded implementation of multicultural education because it successfully embraced the cultural heritage of non-English speaking students. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Pennsylvania court case takes place when the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) decides to sue Pennsylvania over educational limitations set on children who do not meet the specific cognitive requirements necessary in order to begin first grade. This court case marked an important time in history for multicultural education because it called for higher inclusivity of students with learning disabilities. -
The Indian Education Act Is Passed
The Indian Education Act is passed in order that fair education rights are given to American Indian and Alaska Native students. Multicultural education now includes the students of Native American tribes and ensures that equal educational opportunities are given them. -
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 Becomes Law
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 becomes law so that women are allowed to exercise their rights to freely participate in school-funded sports programs and similar male-dominant activities. By protecting female students from discrimination on the basis of sex, multicultural education would continue to progress toward equal rights and equal opportunities for all. -
Plyler v. Doe
The Plyler v. Doe court case allowed for the repeal of a previous decision to withhold state funds from certain school districts in Texas whose student population included illegal immigrants. The Plyler v. Doe decision to declare the withholding of funds a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment further expanded multicultural education to include students not official citizens of the United States. -
The Emergency Immigrant Education Act Is Enacted
The Emergency Immigrant Education Act was introduced in order to assist schools and school districts who were receiving a heavy influx of immigrant children and few financial resources to accommodate them. This act, then, was implemented for a brief period of time in order to provide supplementary educational resources and financial assistance to those schools, further supporting the multicultural education agenda. -
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) Becomes Law
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is signed into law by President George W. Bush and signifies the start of stronger federal mandates on school success rates by way of rigorous federal and state testing procedures as well as penalization for schools that don't perform at the level expected. The NCLB is infamously known in academic circles because it placed unrealistic expectations and unwanted pressures on schools, damaging multicultural education and productive learning environments.
