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Beginning to understand Mechanical Philosophy; Descartes
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Robert Boyle's Corpuscular Mechanical Philosophy (1674)
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Joseph Priestley
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Using instruments of a self designed instrument and a vacuum with treated air, Lavoisier experiments on a candle flame as well as a guinea pig by the amount of ice melted from the heat emitted by an animal.
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In a landmark publication, Lavoisier’s Elements of Chemistry introduces a paradigm of a system of elements.
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Dalton uses his own atomic theory to reconsider how matter combined with itself, finding the conservation of mass to be very important.
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Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac finds every element’s gaseous state abides by simple and regular laws.
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Avogadro wondered whether Dalton's and Gay-Lussac's findings could be true.
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Carnot tries to simplify the theory of heat and convey to the French public what is really happening in steam engines.
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James Joule's experiment in which he used a falling weight to spin a paddle wheel revealed that motion raised the temperature of water.
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An experiment on the heat created through boring cannons is a shot across the bow at phlogiston theory.
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Helmnoltz declares heat is one of multiple types of forces
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Heat as translational motion.
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Chemistry becomes an international discussion
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Matthew Stanley’s distinction exposes a difficulty of reductionism.
