History Of IT

  • 40,000 BCE

    Writing and Alphabets

    The earliest forms of human communication were limited to spoken language and drawings.
  • Period: 3500 BCE to 1450

    The Premechanical Age

  • Paper and Pen Input technologies.
    3200 BCE

    Paper and Pen Input technologies.

    Sumerian Input Technology: The Stylus and Clay Tablets
  • Cuniform
    3000 BCE

    Cuniform

    The Sumerians of Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, developed a standardized system.
  • Egyptian Writing: Using the Papyrus Plant
    2600 BCE

    Egyptian Writing: Using the Papyrus Plant

  • Phoenicians created symbols
    2000 BCE

    Phoenicians created symbols

    The Phoenicians developed a set of symbols.
  • From Phoenician to Modern Latin Alphabet
    1100 BCE

    From Phoenician to Modern Latin Alphabet

    The Greeks later took the Phoenician alphabet and introduced vowels, while the Romans assigned Latin names to the letters, forming the alphabet we use today.
  • Books and Libraries Permanent Storage Devices
    600 BCE

    Books and Libraries Permanent Storage Devices

    the Greeks began to fold sheets of papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them together.
  • Chinese Innovation The Invention of Paper from Rags
    100

    Chinese Innovation The Invention of Paper from Rags

    The Chinese made paper from rags, on which modern-day papermaking is based.
  • The First Numbering Systems
    100

    The First Numbering Systems

    The first numbering systems similar to those in use today were invented by Hindus in India who created a nine-digit numbering system
  • The First Calculators: The Abacus
    875

    The First Calculators: The Abacus

    One of the very first information processors.
  • Period: 1450 to

    The Mechanical Age

  • Slide Rules

    Slide Rules

    William Oughtred, an English clergyman, invented the slide rule
  • The first general purpose computers

    The first general purpose computers

    The Pascaline. Invented by Blaise Pascal. One of the first mechanical computing machines
  • Joseph Marie Jacquard' loom.

    Joseph Marie Jacquard' loom.

  • The Difference Engine

    The Difference Engine

    Working model created in 1822.
  • Period: to

    The Electromechanical Age

    The key advances made during this period included discovering ways to harness electricity. Knowledge and information could now be converted into electrical impulses.
  • The Census Machine

    The Census Machine

    The census machine, also known as the tabulating machine, was invented by Herman Hollerith and used to process the 1890 U.S. Census
  • Period: to

    The Electronic Age

  • Period: to

    The Electronic Age

  • The Mark 1

    The Mark 1

    The Harvard Mark I, or IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, was one of the earliest general-purpose electromechanical computers used in the war effort during the last part of World War II.
  • Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

    Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

    The First High-Speed, General-Purpose Computer Using Vacuum Tubes
  • Period: to

    The Four Generations of Digital Computing

  • The first generation of computer chips

    The first generation of computer chips

  • The Second Generation

    The Second Generation

    Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors as the main logic element.
  • The Third Generation

    The Third Generation

    Individual transistors were replaced by integrated circuits.
  • The Fourth Generation

    The Fourth Generation

    Large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits (LSIs and VLSICs)
  • Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)

    Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)

  • First Mac and Apple GUI

    First Mac and Apple GUI

    first Macintosh was introduced in 1984 by Steve Jobs and was the first commercially successful personal computer to feature two known, but still unpopular features: the mouse and the graphical user interface