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Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel's paper on cross breeding is published. For 34 years his ideas were ignored and not looked at. He mostly did his experiements with pea plants because they reproduced fast and had many distinctive traits. Now in the modern world, many people know him as the father of genetics which is a title well deserved for the man who first started to think "what if something dtermined the looks of a child". -
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Thomas Morgan Hunt discovers that the chromosome of an organism hold the genes that are responsible for the organism's looks. He used fruit flys mostly and discovered the chromosome was very important in the field of genetics -
James Watson and Francis Clark
Watson and Clark discover the shape of the Dna helix and discover that it is a double helix. Also they create a model of DNA of the double helix. This discovery was very important because since it showed the structure of Dna, it was easier to modify the DNA structure and analize it to figure out the functions of the DNA such as what does each strand do. -
Marshall Nirenberg, Heinrich Mathaei and Severo Ochoa
After many years, these men cracked the code of genetics.They proved this by creating a sequence and said that they had discovered how do show every DNA sequence with20 amino acids,. -
Paul Berg
Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecule my mixing two different organsisms DNA. He mixed monkey virus DNA with human cancer DNA, Since this was dangerous though, he stopped experiementing with these DNA molecules. -
Frederick Sanger
Sanger discovered the modern way of sequencing DNA. He found the strands of DNA in the nucleotides and put each one in a tube which was a long and tedius process of symbolizing each sstrand with a letter -
Hixton
Histon was founded in Europe as the equivalent of National Center for Biotechnology Information. There are 5 centers all over Europe. These places provide public databases and other genetic information to the public -
David Botstein
Botstein created a way to seperate two different types of DNA by their size. -
Kary Mullis
Mullis created the pcr, a machine which would need one certain gene and would multiply those genes to the millionth scale so that it could be closely analyzed for certain acpects. Mullis recieved the nobel prize after creating this machine -
Yeast artificial chromosomes
IN 1987 the first artificial yeast chromosomes were creaed. copy the DNA cell. First, before thprevious method.is invention, they had to esteria coli to create millions of copies of the DNA. The YAC's though would be ten times bigger so they would be a lot easier to study then the -
NCBI
The National Cconducts research in computational biology, create tools for looking at genome data,and many other things related to genetics. It was created to show the public about what DNA was and made many things public such as DNA databases -
Human genome project launched
The huam Genome project was launched in 1990 and was created for five purposes: To identify all the genes in the huamn body, determine all the sequences in the human body, improve tools, and address the legal issues in the project. -
Dolly the sheep
In 1996, the fist clone ever was created, a sheep named Dolly by taking the nucleus of the adult cell. This sparked many debates on if cloning should be allowed on animals and in the future, humans. Dolly meanwhile was first diagnosed with arthritis and later lung disease. Many people think that the early diseases and death of Dolly have to do with her being a cloned animal. -
Completion of the Arabidopsis thaliana sequence
Since 1996, researchers from many countries came and worked to complete the sequence of this plant. This was kind of like a warm up to do this for humans. Also, this is a model plant for many plants we use such as the broccoli and pea plant. This plant also shares many functions as the human body so we will know some sequences that are relevant to us. -
Draft of Human genome complete
The human genome draft is published much faster then predicted because Scientist Vender creates a machine which sequences is DNA a lot faster then usual.
