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199,999 BCE
Dawn of Educational Technology
(199,999 BE was oldest date timeline would take)... 2.6 million years ago, early humans used hammerstones to strike stone cores and produce flakes to cut, pound, and access new foods. It is reasonable to theorize elders taught the young how to make and use this innovation, leading to the dawn of Educational Technology. [Photo Credit] http://humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/tools-food -
40,000 BCE
Cro-Magnon Painting - Educational Technology
Theories suggest Cave paintings may indicate prehistoric humans' desire to communicate or pass on information, a forerunner of educational technology. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/journey-oldest-cave-paintings-world-18888880957685 [Photo Credit] http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/worldhistory/lascauxcavepaintings.htm -
483 BCE
Ancient Greek Instructional Design
They develop the idea of "techne" (i.e., art and skill or craft) or technology by combining the cultures of arts, sciences, and letters. Photo Credit. -
1100
European Instructional Methods
European methods of instruction were influenced by the religious views of the time and included syllogisms in the Scholastic Method, Comenius' idea of "pansophia" and the aim of developing students' knowledge, morality, and piety. [Photo Credit] https://www.google.com/search?q=history+of+european+education+in+1100s&rlz=1C1GCEA_enUS775US775&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicz9_ZuafeAhXD1FkKHbYdDhIQ_AUIDigB&biw=1088&bih=483#imgrc=cWzNCsQmqzXSdM: -
American Instructional Methods 1635 - 1900
Student learning consisted of individual memorized recitations until the Lancasterian Monitorial Instruction system was introduced in the 19th Century. Pestalozzian "object teaching" Instruction followed and influenced Froebel's development of kindergarten. The first American kindergarten opened in 1855. [Photo Credit] http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/subjects/kindergartens -
High Hopes for Audio-Visual Instruction
Innovations such as stereographs, slides, films, radio, sound recording and films with sound are adapted for instruction. However, Thomas Edison's prediction that books will soon be obsolete in schools has yet to materialize.
[Photo Credit] http://institute-of-progressive-education-and-learning.org/a-history-of-education-technology/ -
Educational Technology Military and Industry
Instructional Design was used to develop training materials during World War II. After the war research begins on how media influences learning and with the 1952 FCC decisions to grant 242 television channels for educational programing, instructional programing in schools declines while public television grows.
[Photo Credit] http://www.combatcamera.be/combat-photography-units/combat-camera-units/ -
Computers
IBM researchers and many early advocates for CAI thought it would change classroom instruction before the 1970s but the impact was significantly less in education than in industry.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/326444?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents -
Bloom's Taxonomy is Published
B.F. Skinner's work , the Programmed Instructional Movement and the increased use of behavioral objectives indicate the need for tests to measure learning outcomes.
[Photo Credit] https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/blooms-taxonomy/ -
The Space Race Begins
The Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik takes the U.S. by surprise and a renewed interest in improving U.S. math and science education begins. New concepts in task analysis, objective specification and criterion-referenced testing are joined to create processes for systematic instruction.
[Photo Credit] https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/space-program -
Systems Approach to Designing Instruction
In the 1970s and 1980s new instructional design models are created for industry, education, and the government. The use of microcomputer in the 1980s resulted in increased computer-based instruction.
[Photo Credit] https://itstillworks.com/computer-based-instruction-education-1226.html -
Constructivist Influence
In the 1990s constructivist views influenced instructional design practices and electronic performance support systems use became more prevalent. Distance learning has rapidly increased since 1995 and the need for high quality internet instruction is expanding. -
WebCT - Learning Management Systems
Learning Management Systems were to offer internet based courses designed for online or distance education. WebCT (Web Course Tools) offered e-Learning in 1995. It was developed by Murray Goldberg. The name was later bought by Blackboard.
https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v15n1/burgess.html#hazari -
MIT OpenCourseWare
In 2001, in The New York Times, MIT announced OpenCourseWare. MIT now has over 1,800 free, online courses available over the internet.
https://ocw.mit.edu/about/our-history/ -
Khan Academy
Khan Academy was created in 2005 by Salman Khan after he tutored his family members in math by making YouTube videos. It is a non-profit educational organization which used online videos and tools to teach students. While it has grown into the use of personalized learning and the use of adaptive technology, it has remained nonprofit and is funded by donations. https://conference.iste.org/uploads/ISTE2018/HANDOUTS/KEY_110817691/ISTE_2018_FinalPaper.pdf
