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Pennsylvania State constitution allowed free public education to the poor children. The rich families still had to pay for their childrens education. -
In Boston, the first U.S. public high school opens.
English High school -
Massachusetts declared all grades be free of charge to all people -
Homer Plessy who was black had been invited to sit on an all whites railway car by the Committee of Citizen. Plessy was asked to get off but he refused and was arrested. This was brought to case and his side argued for there to be equal but separate for both races by making sure they each had their own railway cars. the majority upheld state-imposed racial segregation. Justice Brown conceded that the 14th Amendment intended to establish absolute equality for the races before the law. -
Oliver Brown filed a class action suit against the Board of Education. He claimed that the schools for blacks was not equal to the one of the whites. The court ruled that the plaintiffs, Board of Education Topeka, were being not being held to the equal protection of the laws of the 14th Amendment. -
Five months after the integration crisis involving the Little Rock Nine, members of the school board filed suit, creating suspension of its plan of desegregation. The relief the plaintiffs requested was for the African American children to be returned to segregated schools and for the implementation of the desegregation plan to be postponed for two and a half years. The district court granted the school board's request, but the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reversed. -
School initiated-prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment.This action was challenged in Court as an unconstitutional state establishment of religion in violation of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court agreed, stating that the government could not sponsor such religious activities. Separation between church and state. -
No person in the America should be discriminated in educational programs or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.Team doctors, insurance, and equal access to athletic facilities were lacking for collegiate women’s sports teams. However, Title IX ensured larger amounts of funding were destined for such activities, which not only ensured more safety and support for female athletes, but also increased female participation in sports. -
This is a federal law.This law requires public schools to provide appropriate education services to children with disabilities between ages 3- 21. An institution or program would be held accountable for not successfully addressing circumstances of sexual assault, as this also constitutes sex-based discrimination. The implementation of Title IX led to strong institutional change. Women in sports in all ages benefitted from greater access to team sports and resources. -
This is case that established the precedent that all children, independent of legal status have the right to a public education.The Court reasoned that illegal children, though not citizens of the United States, are people that are offered Fourteenth Amendment protections.Justice William Brennan Jr. concluded that education provides the basic tools by which children might lead good lives to the benefit of us all and the state could not constitutionally deny an education to immigrant children. -
A teacher accused T.L.O. of smoking in the bathroom. When T.L.O denied the accusation, the principal searched her purse and found cigarettes and marijuana. The Supreme Court ruled that her rights were not violated since students have less privacy in school. It does not violate the Fourth Amendment.