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Biggest Impact on Education
US feared they were losing the cold war because of shortage in of trained teachers, engineers, and students. -
NDEA was the first time government attempted to influence the curriculum in general elementary and secondary education. Summer classes were held to train teachers to use new materials and methods. Scholarships and grants were funded by NDEA
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1/4 of population lived in poverty. Many things to do to win the war on poverty, i.e. improve inner city schools, subsideize low income houses, improve health care, etc.
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From 1963 and 1969 Congress passed 24 peices of legislation that affected education.
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Quadrupled federal funds for Vocational Education to enhance occupational training opportunities.
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Job Corps to train people 16-21 in basic lii skills for employment.
Peace Corp and Volunteers In Service stemmed
EOA and Head start program: Helped kids 3-5 who were at a disadvantage, meaning no preschool. Equal terms Popular and controversial: most successful of compensatory ed programs -
-Title VI prohibts discrimination against students on the basis of race, color, or national origin in all institutions receiving federal funds.
-Carrot and Stick
-De facto Segregation -
$1 Billion federal funds to education
Five Major sections or titles -
Provided direct assistance to institutes of higher education for facility construction and library and instructional improvement, also loans and scholarships
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Reagan's New Federalism
--> Reduced taxes and reduced federal spending for social programs, including education. -
Thought that what was wrong with schools could be fixed by top-down state actions directed at improving achievement and accountablility.
Higher graduation requirements, increased testing for teachers and students, and raised certification requirements -
Consolidate the massive array of federal aid programs into several large block problems.
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Report from National Commission on Excellence in Education
Described education as "Rising tide of mediocrity"
Responsible for Educational Reform Act of 1980s -
Focused not on state level
Local level and stucture and processes of the schools themselves. Redsitribution of power
