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Education in the Colonial Period MOST IMPORTANT
o Very religious based in the beginning.
o As time went on there became some regulations and they formed town schools (mostly for boys) and dame schools (mostly for girls).
o The males of well-to-do families would go to secondary grammar school after they completed town school.
Colonial Education -
The Impact of Jefferson, Rush, & Webster MOST IMPORTANT
Jefferson: 1743-1826
Rush: 1746-1813
Webster: 1758-1843
Free public education
o Jefferson believed that public education should be a place for basic education, public safety, and happiness.
o Rush focused on the number of schools per a population as well as educating women and blacks.
o Webster’s theory was “Education for Patriotism” and focused on getting rid of British influence.
Jefferson, Rush & Webster -
Secondary School Movement
o During this time secondary schools turned to teaching practical job training instead of Latin grammar schools. -
Monitorial Schools, Charity Schools, & Infant Schools
o Monitorial Schools had one teacher and several student teachers which provided a way for cheep education.
o Charity Schools were free schools for poor children.
o Infant Schools taught 4-7 year olds the skills they would need to go to work. -
Common Schools MOST IMPROTANT
Movement began in 1830, some schools had started before
o A common school was the beginning of “modern education”.
o The schools were under state control and were funded by direct taxation.
o Common schools were attended by all children unlike previous education which was separated by socioeconomic status.
Common Schools -
The Impact of Horace Mann
Mann: 1796-1859
o Mann is considered the “Father of American Education”.
o His plan involved regular school attendance by all students and a yearly report to the legislature on education. -
The Progressive Reform Movement
o During this time the curriculum and administration of public schools were reformed.
o Nature and arts were starting to be integrated into the schools. -
Committee of Ten
o College professionals who set suggestions on teaching some subjects earlier rather than later. -
The Impact of John Dewey
o His theory was to have schools change from just providing basic knowledge to providing intellectual, social, emotional, and physical knowledge. -
•The Impact of WW2
o The teachers had to leave to go and fight in the war as well as the children having to go and work.
o The national funding for education was also put towards war efforts. -
Brown vs. Board of Education, 1954 MOST IMPORTANT
o The Brown Decision was to desegregate schools.
o Some of the first black students who went to white schools were escorted by police.
o Even though the law was passed it took many years for it to come into full play.
Brown vs Board of Ed. -
Sputnik and NDEA, 1957-58
o When the Sputnik was launched, the U.S. figured they had lost the Cold War so put an extra emphasis on technology and science education. -
The Civil Rights Movement & The War on Poverty
o Beside desegregating schools, the Civil Rights Movement also created bilingual schools and schools for children with disabilities.
o The War on Poverty had the idea that if we educate children who live in poverty then poverty will end. -
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act, 1975
o They have the right to education so they made specific schools for students with disabilities. -
A Nation at Risk Report, 1983
o After seeing an alarming decrease in SAT scores, the nation set guidelines for what subjects students should be learning in high school. -
The Standards Movement
o Wanted standards set of what children should learn in schooling.
o Originally there were 6 standards but by the time it was actually implemented there were 8 standards. -
Growth of Standardized Testing
o Because the U.S. was performing much worse on tests than other competitive countries, there became a focus on testing to show that we were improving more to those other countries. -
School Choice Movement: Charter Schools, Vouchers
o Parents were getting frustrated with the lack of school achievement and wanted a choice of where to send their children to school.
o The national government wanted there to be vouchers in which you could send requests of things you wanted taught in school. However there was no way to implement them so Charter Schools started being that other option. -
No Child Left Behind, 2001 MOST IMPORTANT
o The state was to create a set of standards that each student should meet by the end of each grade.
o Schools would then be graded by the student performance based on end of year testing.
o The problem was that there was no leniency based on race or socioeconomic status, so the poorest schools were compared with the richest schools.
NCLB
