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The abacus was an instrument used to calculate or count by using sliding counters and rod. Before we had the abacus we know today it would have been a shallow tray consist of sand, and numbers could have been erased easily. https://www.cuemath.com/learn/abacus-history/ -
the Slide rule is one of the first versions of our modern day calculator that could be used to do multiplication and division. The device could also help perform exponents, trigonometry, roots and logarithm. Slide rules stuck around for almost 400 years before becoming obsolete. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule
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John Napier created this manually-operated calculating device for the calculation of products and quotients of numbers. this method was based on lattice multiplication which John Napier called rabdology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napier%27s_bones -
This machine was created by Blaise Pascal to help his father who was a tax collector. It then went on to become the first calculator or math machine to be produced and used. The machine could only do addition and subtraction which was done by turning dials. https://www.britannica.com/technology/Pascaline -
This device was developed by a german mathematician by the name of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. The step reckoner was a device that could do multiplication by repeating addition and shifting. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a big advocate for the binary number system but his machine never used it, instead it used a ten position dial and numbers in decimal form. https://www.britannica.com/technology/Step-Reckoner -
This was a device created by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804, It was attached to a loom and made the process of manufacturing and was able to do some complex patterns. The machine used a system of cards with holes punched into them to determine the pattern of a row. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquard_machine
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Augusta Ada Byron was an english mathematician and writer born in the early 19th century. She is often referred to as the first computer programer, this is because she realized that the Analytical Engine she had been working on could have more applications than intended and created the first algorithm to be put through the machine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace -
Charles Babbage was working on developing a difference engine when he ran out of funding in 1833, at this point he has the idea for something much more revolutionary, the analytical engine, which he spent the rest of his life up until 1871 when he died. The analytical engine is referred to as the first computer and was a machine based on programs that could solve any mathematical problem set before it. https://www.britannica.com/technology/Analytical-Engine -
Per Georg Scheutz made the Scheutzian Calculation Engine based on Charles Babbage's difference engine. He got funding from the government and when he finished it was about the size of a piano. He showed off the invention at the worlds fair in Paris 1855, it was sold the next year to the Dudley Observatory in Albany, New York. -
This was the first digital device that was reliable enough to be used for mathematics in an office environment and was manufactured for over 60 years. It is believed that when the product was launched in 1851 that it started the mechanical calculator industry. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmometer -
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