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History of Bilingual Education
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Congress passes 1st Engish requirment
Congress agreed to pass the first federal language law, stating that all immigrants in search of naturalization speak English. This law stated, that if immigrants wanted to become a U.S citizen they would have to learn how to write, read and speak in the English Language. -
Ku Klux Klan fostiliy with French
In Maine around 1920, a large gathering of French Canadians migrated to the northwest. The KKK observed the development of French Canadians and Ku Klux Klan members in Maine, burned crosses in hostility to French Americans. The KKK tried to make French communication forbidden to be used in schools in Maine at this time. -
Del Rio Independence School District v. Salvatierra
Del Rio Independence School District vs. Salvatierr was the first Texas court case to discuss education for Mexican descent and school facilities. Demands for equal quality of school supplies and classrooms was addressed through the court case. Agreements were made to address equal benefits for all children to be given the same opportunities to learn in a comfortable classroom envirnoment. -
Lemon Grove v. Alvarez
On January 5, 1931, The principal of Lemon Grove Grammar School, Jerome T. Green, refused 75 Mexican children to enter the school. He said that the children would bring unsanitary and health problems and that their families were not intelligent with poverty. Lemon Grove secrety created a seperate school for Mexican students with the idea to change the Mexican students to be more like Americans. The Mexian American communities were so upset with the ideas of segregation that they sued them. -
Japanese Language Schools are closed
The begining of World War II marked the closing of all Japanese Langugage Schools in America. Quickly after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, all schools were shut down. These schools helped Japanese students communicate in their first language. Nonetheless, speaking a foriegn language, drew questions to the individual about their patriotism to the United States. After the war, the schools never regained the enrollments. Today only a few Japanese Langugae Schools existed. -
Mendez v. Westminster School District
In 1946, many school boards placed children in schools on the bais of their ethnicity. Mexican American Gonzalo Mendez, filed a lawsuit against Westminster School District due to his three children being denied entrance into his elementry school (17th Street School) that he attended as a child for ethnic reasons. After a year of litigation, Mendez won the right for his children to attend the school. -
Cuban immigrants demand Spanish Language Schooling
Immigrants fleed from the Cuban revolution to America in the 1960's. Lacking the ability to speak English, Cubans demanded Spanish-language schooling. Cuban students in America was far less then other immigration population to the United States in the 1960's. In Dade County, Florida where a large group of Cuban immirgrants had settled districts supported the Cuban community by implementing Spanish-English bilingual education for students. -
Chicanos boycott scools in Los Angeles
10,000 Chicanos boycott schools in Los Angeles demanding bilingual education and more Latino teachers. This boycott spread across the U.S. Leaders of L.A boycott are arrested. The education program presented at the time limited the scope of educational opportunities for Mexican American children and focused on negative views about Meixicans. Two years later the charges against them were declared unconstitutional. -
The Equal Education Opportunities Act (EEOA)
An act called EEOA was passed in 1974 to enforce equal educational opportunities ro an individual on account of her race, color, sex, or national origin by the failure of an educational agency to take appropriate action to overcome laguage barries that impede equal participation by its students in its instructional programs. -
Lau v. Nichols
In 1971 San Francisco school system was questioned due to the result of the Chinese speaking students inablity to speak English. U.S Supreme Court establishes the right of students differential treatment based on language minority status, but it does not specify a particular instructional approach. Lau Remedies standardized requirments for identification, testing, and placement into bilingual programs. Districts are told how to identify and evaluate children with limited English skills. -
Plyler v. Doe
The U.S Supreme Court decides that a state's statutes that denies school enrollment to children of illegal immigrants "violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment." The Fourteenth Amendment stated prohibits any state from denying "to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law." The state of Texas was put in question as to the case of a group of children of undocumented workers who had been denied free public schooling. -
Proposition 187
California passed proposition 187, (also know as SOS save our states) was a ballot implemented to establish a stste run screening system and profibit illegal aliens from using health care, public education, and other services. Proposition is overturned in the court because it violates Plyler v. Doe. Propostion 187 was passed by voters on Nov. 8, 1994 to deny public benefits to illegal aliens in California. -
No Child Left behind Act Title III
President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act to set high standars and establish measurable goals that can improve the quality of education for all children. This act would require schools to develop assessments in basic academic knowledge. By using this method of assessment students would in every school would be tested to make sure that all students reseve high standards of education. If a school didn't pass the tests, further education would be immplemented to help the children. -
(IDEA) Individuals with Disabilities Education Inprovement Act of 2004
On Dec. 3, 2004 the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)was signed. This law ensuring service to children with disabilities through out the country. IDEA governs how states and public programs offer early intervention, special education and significant services to the youth of disabled students. This Act helps to ensure equality, accountablity and excellence in education for children with special needs.
