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Guttenberg's printing press radically changed the creation of books which led to people wanting to explore and learn through reading. it also was a significant part of the development of the Renaissance era, as well as the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution.
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The use of religious art as an educational and devotional tool.
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In 1909, Picasso created his first cubist painting based on Cézanne’s idea that all depiction of nature could be reduced to three solids: cube, sphere and cone.
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A movement started in Russia that urged the creation of art that concentrated on social change or serve a social purpose. The Constructivist should reject art for art's sake.
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The anti-war and anti-art movement
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From 1939 to 1941 Pollock went to therapy with a Jungian analyst. During this time is works were considered to be Jung-inspired Abstract Expressionism. In the mid 1940s he veered away from his dependence on therapeutic inspiration and started creating art that was more like modern European art. Some pieces were reminscent of Picasso's work. This piece is called, "Gothic."
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Assemblage was art made of two and three-dimensional objects. Louise Nevelson created a Cubist form of assemblage with her work, "Sky Cathedral," which was constructed from wood painted black.
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In the spirit of assemblage in Avante-Gardism, Robert Rauchenberg created his own form of assemblage that he called "combines." His piece called, "Canyon" was made up of items such as pencil, paper, paint comined with oils, metal, photograph and fabric on wood, buttons, a stuffed eagle, a pillow, a cardboard box and a paint tube.
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Ruth started her career in 1962. She was one of the youngest art designers in the history of magazines. In the 1960s she designed for Harper's Bazaar. In the 1970s she worked for The New York Times Magazine. In the 1980s she worked for Vanity Fair.
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In the 1970s and 1980s Paula was the Senior Art Director at CBS Records. She was known for art that she created using typography. In 1998 she was inducted into the Art Directors Hall of Fame. In 2001 she won the AIGA Medal. In 1991 she joined Pentagram as a partner. Paula used typography to design buildings inside and out. When asked what she thought of specialization vs generalization:
"Specialization is narrow. Generalization is broad. A generalist gets to try more things." -
In 1971, Massimo founded Vignelli Associates with wife, Lella. His passion was "2D" design. When starting in the field of identity and branding, he worked for companies such as Unimark International, American Airlines, and Bloomingdales. Unfortunately, this extremely wise and talented man passed away in May of this year (2014).
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He started his career in 1980 when he joined Vignelli Associates. In 1990 he left Vignelli and ecame a partner at Pentagram. "Not everything is about design. But design is about everythng. So do yourself a favor: be ready for anything."
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Construction from 1981 to 1983
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David is known for being the original "grunge" designer. He is also known for his designs for "Raygun" magazine. This year he was awarded the AIGA Gold Medal. He was also named as Apple's 30 most innovative designers in their 30-year history. His personal motto is: "Why not?"
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In 1955, Jacqueline joined the Design Services Office at MIT. She was recognized for her posters created for MIT, which were referred to as "elegant." One of her best-known posters was the one called, "Russia, USA Peace - 1985." She was considered to be the foremost US practioner of the International Style. Professor Muriel Cooper, friend, fellow student, and colleague of Jacqueline's, said of her: "The spriit of MIT nurtured her work, and in turn her work nurtured the humanity of MIT."
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A social movement that influenced the development of graphic design.
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Geometry-influenced art.
