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The Common School movement was the birth of the public school system. For this time period, being funded by local taxes, charging to fees for tuition, and providing a “common” education to all white children was nearly unheard of. At this time, the reputation of education began to change due to Horace Mann’s ideas about education being a valuable possession.
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On this date, the 19th Amendment created a more equal playing field for women. Implementing feminist ideas into the teaching practice allowed for women to become teachers. From then on, women would not face discrimination or be seen as less of a teacher due to their gender. This was another big step in Mann’s idea of education being the “greatest equalizer”.
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As a result of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 and the Civil Rights Movement in 1950, the segregation of black and white students was finally recognized as not equal and ultimately unconstitutional. In the end, separate is not equal and the racial segregation of children attending public schools not only violated the Equal Protection Clause but also their 14th Amendment right. This was just the start of racial equality.
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The main purpose of ESEA is to ensure that schools are providing quality education to all children. Along with this, ESEA allows states to measure student success with a wider range of assessment. Included is the achievement of children with differing abilities.
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Initially created under The Elementary and Secondary Education Act, No Child Left Behind is the reauthorization of that act with an added “twist” for the schools. This Act put standardized tests in place to measure the students learning. If schools don’t meet such standards, then funding towards the schools may be held. Today, there is scrutiny towards the tests and funding penalization, although good in theory.