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Alan Turing writes On Computable Numbers in which he suggest a universal machine that can do any calculation.
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IBM's Arthur Samuel develops a checkers plauing program that can learn from its own mistakes.
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Norbert Weiner writes the book Cybernetics taht gives its name to a science among other things he suggests taht the way the brain is built may determine the way it workds and constructing machines like brains may help us to understand the brain.
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Turing suggests that machines might some day possess intelligence; he proposes the first test for possible machine intelligence (now called the Turing test)
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W.Grey Walter develops a 'tortise' that moves under its own power until the batteries are low; it then seeks out and connects to the nearest power outlet and recharges itself (can this be described s hunger?)
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John McCarthy of Darmouth College (US) coins the term artifical intelligence
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LISP the most commonlu used AI language is introduced by McCarthy
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Dr Norbert Weiner suggests that computers taht could think like humans would be 'both effective, and dangerous'.
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Samuel beaten by his checkers playing prgram; others experiemnt into developing game playing theory
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Dr Frank Rosenblatt demonstrates that perceptrons coupled to a simple neural network can be programmed by example to recognise visual patterns.
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Dr Weizenbaum of MIT desins ELIZA
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Fuzzy logic introduced by Zadeh to explain some of the situations where Yes/No anser will not suffice
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Work begun on DENDRAL, the first expert system.
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Minksy and Papert prove perceptron cannont be used as the basis for a general computer effectively ending research into nueral netwroks for 15 years.
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Shakey, a radio linked, mobile robot with built in TV and range finder is developed to manipulate bloacks using a program called STRIPS that could "plan" a series of actions.
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Terry Winograd at MIT develops SHRUDLU an NL interface to an imaginary 'block world' that was the first to demonstrate that a machine could have any real gasp language.
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the AI language PROLOG (prgrammed logic) developed.
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MYCIN, an expert system to diagnose bacterial infections is produced
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Hearsay, a speech understanding program is introduced
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Work starts on Shear Magic, an sheep shearing robot (WA)
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BKG 9.8, a backgammon playing program defeats the (human) world champion
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Developments in knowledge enginerring nad interference systems helps respark the interest in the potential for AI
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Japan announces the $M400 Fifth Generation Project to over ten years, put a core computer in every home and small business; this knowledge information processor (KIP) would work trough a natural language interface; the overall aim was to establish a knowledge industry becuase the Japanese saw knowledge as the new wealth in a post-industrial society.
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Q&A, a natural language based PC database program is itroduced.
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Developments with ANNs lead to significant advances into solving problems associated with pattern mathching.
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US military use AI based technology in weapons systems such as missiles and jet fighters.
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Voice and character recognition used in home computer.
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ALICE an open source NL AI chat robot, wins the Loebner Prize for the Turing test.