-
From their beginnings in the early 19th century to the mid-20th century, locomotives were steam powered. The first steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in 1804, 10 years before George Stephenson's engine. This machine did not work because it was running on cast iron rails inappropriate for its weight. Until 1825, the use of steam locomotives was exclusive to railway lines in coal mines.
-
A first experimental photographic procedure was heliogravure, discovered by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in the 1820s. In 1826 he achieved his first permanent (direct positive) image: a view from his window at Le Gras, using a camera obscura and as a material sensitive to light a mixture of Judean bitumen.
-
A young American doctor named Crawford Williamson Long It so happened that James Venable, a student participating in an ether party, had two small tumors that he wanted to be removed, but he always put off the operation for fear of pain. When Long proposed to do it under the influence of the ether, Venable agreed, and on March 30, 1842, the procedure was performed without pain. However, Long did not make his discovery public until 1849.
-
A sewing machine is a machine used to sew fabric and other materials with thread. They were invented during the first industrial revolution to decrease the amount of sewing work in textile companies. Since the invention of the first sewing machine, attributed to Elias Howe, in 1846,1 its efficiency and productivity in the textile industry has been greatly improved
-
It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the causes of this infectious process were found out. The Hungarian doctor Ignacio Felipe Semmelweis carried out between 1847 and 1856 a series of epidemiological studies at the Vienna Maternity Hospital, which led him to the conclusion that the cause lay in poor hygiene of the doctors who attended to women in labor.
-
In 1851, Waterman invented the first forklift prototype. It was a simple platform attached to a cable, to raise and lower goods and people.
-
The telephone is a telecommunication device designed to transmit acoustic signals at a distance by means of electrical signals. It was invented by Antonio Meucci, who in 1854 built the first prototype of it, although he did not formalize his patent due to financial difficulties, presenting only a brief description of his invention in the United States Patent Office in 1871.
-
Soap is a product used for personal hygiene and for washing certain objects.1 It can be found in pill, powder, cream or liquid.
Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, and a traditional soap
Soap is basically a sodium or potassium salt resulting from the chemical reaction between an alkali (sodium or potassium hydroxide) and a lipid; 2 this reaction is called saponification. -
However, it took until 1897 for the German pharmacist Felix Hoffmann, a researcher at Bayer laboratories and who, seeking effective relief against the pain that his father suffered from chronic rheumatism treated with salicylic acid as well as important side effects, 24 was able to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid with great purity.
-
The first antibiotic discovered was penicillin, in 1897 by Ernest Duchesne, in France, who worked with fungi of the genus Penicillium, although his work did not receive the attention of the scientific community.
