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The Civil War in the United States was fought between the Union and the Confederacy. -
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, as the country entered its third year of deadly civil war. "All persons kept as slaves" within the insurgent states "are, and henceforth shall be free," the declaration said. -
The Jim Crow laws were a set of state and local regulations that made racial segregation legal. The laws were intended to marginalise African Americans by denying them the opportunity to vote, hold jobs, acquire an education, and other possibilities. They were named after a Black minstrel show figure and existed for almost 100 years, from the post-Civil War era until 1968. -
The world's first successful flights of a powered heavier-than-air flying machine were made by the Wright brothers at Kitty Hawk, North Carolia, on December 17, 1903. Orville piloted the Wright Flyer on its first flight, which lasted 12 seconds and covered 36 metres (120 feet). -
The stock market in the United States fell on October 29, 1929, in an incident known as Black Tuesday. This set in motion a chain of events that culminated in the Great Depression, a 10-year economic downturn that afflicted all industrialised nations. -
The stock market crash of 1929, the collapse of world trade due to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, government policies, bank failures and panics, and the collapse of the money supply are all thought to have contributed to the Great Depression. -
The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics used Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory as its primary research facility (NACA). Computing as a career dates from the late 1800s, and in astronomy, the social sciences, statistical research, and ballistics testing, both men and women were hired as human computers. -
World War II was a global conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945. The vast majority of countries in the world, including all of the great powers, formed two competing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. -
aviators in the Army Air Corps (AAC), which preceded the United States Air Force. During World War II, they flew over 15,000 solo sorties in Europe and North Africa after receiving training at the Tuskegee Army Air Field in Alabama. -
On June 25, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, establishing the Committee on Fair Employment Practices (FEPC) to examine and take action on credible complaints of discrimination in any defence company receiving federal contracts.