Hamling - Timeline Project

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    Cochlear Implant (CI) History Timeline

  • Downs and Sterrit concluded that access to sound by 6 months of age supported better spoken language development (Spencer, 2016).

  • Michelson created one of the first human cochlear implants (CI) in an adult patient (Waltzman & Shapiro, 1999).

  • The Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was passed and stated that programs receiving federal funds were not able to discriminate against individuals with disabilities, including hearing loss (Hyder, 2018).

  • The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (now known as IDEA) was passed to allow all individuals, including those with disabilities, access to a free and appropriate education in the least restrictive environment (Hyder, 2018).

  • A single channel cochlear implant, the 3M/House, was provided to children in clinical trials (ASHA, 2021).

    A single channel cochlear implant, the 3M/House, was provided to children in clinical trials (ASHA, 2021).

  • Multiple-channel cochlear implants were trialed with children who had lost their hearing early in their life (Spencer, 2016).

    Multiple-channel cochlear implants were trialed with children who had lost their hearing early in their life (Spencer, 2016).

  • Conference was held to determine the safety of CI in children. It was determined that two years of age was the lower limit that children could have CIs due to not being able to obtain hearing thresholds (Waltzman & Shapiro, 1999).

  • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed and provided individuals with appropriate accommodations at school, in the workplace, and for transportation (Hyder, 2018).

  • Miyamato et al. found that children with CI had better hearing outcomes in comparison to children with similar thresholds using other devices, such as hearing aids (ASHA, 2021).

  • Fryauf-Bertschy et al. found in a clinical study that increased exposure to language for children with CI increased speech perception abilities (ASHA, 2021).

  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of cochlear implants in children for children over the age of two with profound sensorineural hearing loss not improved with other amplification (American Academy of Audiology, 2021).

  • MedEl Corporation Implant Systems created the Tempo+, which was the first behind-the-ear system for the company and was created for infants.

    MedEl Corporation Implant Systems created the Tempo+, which was the first behind-the-ear system for the company and was created for infants.

  • Congress amended IDEA to provide early intervention strategies for children, improved educational outcomes for children in special education programs, and higher standards for special education instructors (The University of Kansas, 2021).

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSZMZz48z-w

  • Cochlear Limited Implant Systems created the Freedom, which included a soft tip to attempt to preserve residual hearing loss and avoid cochlear trauma upon insertion.

  • Cochlear Limited Implant Systems created the ‘Hybrid’ cochlear implant, which combined the features of a cochlear implant and a hearing aid for individuals with residual hearing (Hainarosie et al., 2014).

    Cochlear Limited Implant Systems created the ‘Hybrid’ cochlear implant, which combined the features of a cochlear implant and a hearing aid for individuals with residual hearing (Hainarosie et al., 2014).

  • Cochlear created the ‘Nucleus 7’ that connects to a phone application, allowing CI users to control and monitor their implant. Also, individuals can connect their CI via Bluetooth to other devices (Hearing Health and Technology Matters, 2020).

    Cochlear created the ‘Nucleus 7’ that connects to a phone application, allowing CI users to control and monitor their implant. Also, individuals can connect their CI via Bluetooth to other devices (Hearing Health and Technology Matters, 2020).

  • The FDA approved CIs for a wider variety of children (Holcomb and Smeal, 2020).

    Specifically, children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who scored less than 30 percent on open ended speech tasks, profound sensorineural hearing loss in children as young as 9 months, and asymmetrical hearing loss in children who are 5 years or older with profound sensorineural hearing loss in the poorer ear (Holcomb and Smeal, 2020).

  • Deep et al. found that speech understanding was enhanced in both noise and quiet environments for children with single-sided deafness and a cochlear implant (Holcomb and Smeal, 2020).

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