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Medieval literary figure assosciated with Minnesang.
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Medieval lyrical poet, also wrote Parzival.
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Signed by Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League. The treaty guaranteed that the German princes could decide if their state was Protestant or Catholic.
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A period or style of elobrate, flowery, complicated themes.
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Began because of the Defenestration of Prague. The war was fought because of denominational tensions between Catholics and Protestants.
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Emperor Ferdinand II's officials were thrown out of the window of Prague Castle.
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Ended the Thirty Years' War.
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The Holy Roman Empire still existed in name only, most of the Germanic peoples were divided up into states ruled by princes or dukes. During this time Prussia became the largest and strongest German state and a rival to Austria.
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An era mainly characterized by reason and logic.
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Baroque composer.
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German born composer. He spent most of his time in England and is famous for writing the Messiah and his Water music for King George I of England.
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One of the greatest German composers. He wrote hundreds of works for organ and piano.
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He was the King of Prussia and increased his territory by taking Silesia from Austria and adding part of Poland to his kingdom.
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Opera composer in the classical period.
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She was the only female ruler of the Hapsburg succession.
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German philosopher of the Enlightenment. Wrote the Critique of Pure Reason.
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Austrian composer in the early classical period. He was known as 'Father of the Symphony'. He was also Mozart's mentor.
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Maria Theresa was trying to consolidate her inheritance of the House of Hapsburg.
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German writer assosciated with the Enlightenment, Sturm und Drang, and Weimar Classic period. Mentor of Goethe.
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One of the most famous German authors. Die leiden des jungen Werther pub. 1774 was part of the Sturm und Drang movement. He is also associated with Empfindsamkeit and Weimar Classicism. Faust is also another famous work of his.
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A war involving most of the major European powers. It was known as the French and Indian War in North America.
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Best known classical composer from Salzburg, Austria. He is known for being a child prodigy and musical genius.
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Contemporary of Goethe. They collaborated together on some projects in the Weimar Classic period.
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A short literary movement emphasizing aesthetics and romance as a reaction to Enlightenment rationality. Goethe and Schiller were part of this movement.
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German composer well-known because he was deaf. His 5th and 9th symphonies are his most famous.
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Romantic German author.
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German composer.
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Goethe and Schiller were the main authors, but also Herder.
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Began with the meeting of the Estates General. The Third Estate declared the Tennis Court Oath in June, stormed the Bastille in July, and passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August. The Reign of Terror occured from 1793 to 1794. From 1795 to 1799 the Directory was head of the state until Napoleon established the Consulate.
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Prolific Austrian composer. Wrote over 600 lieder and is known for his 'Unfinished' Symphony and a number of other works in other categories.
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The 19th century was marked by a growing fervor of nationalism which led to the 1848 revolution and the eventual unification in 1871.
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German composer in the Romantic period.
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German composer and music critic. One of the prominent musicians of the Romantic period.
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German composer best known for his operas. Many of the themes in his music and operas came from German folklore and legend and placed heavy emphasis on German nationalism.
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Redrew the map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
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Known for writing the Communist Manifesto.
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Austrian composer of the Romantic period known for his symphonies, masses, and motets.
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Austrian composer known as the Waltz King.
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Leader in the Romantic era of German music.
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Wrote Winntou books and many other stories which took place in the Wild West.
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German philosopher who wrote mainly about existentialism, nihilism, and postmodernism.
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1848 was the year of revolutions in Europe, however, in Germany the revolution did not accomplish many reforms or freedoms.
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Composer in the later Romantic and early modern era.
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Germany became a unified nation under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck. Wilhelm II, King of Prussia, was crowned Emperor.
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Otto von Bismarck instigated the unification of all the small German states into a German nation.
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Wrote Der Blaue Engel
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Wrote Buddenbrooks and Lotte in Weimar
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German and Swiss author
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Austrian writer whose works were published posthumously. The Metamorphosis, The Trial.
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German poet, playwright, and theatre director.
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Wrote Emil und die Detektive and Das doppelte Lottchen.
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The Archduke of Austria was assassinated in Serbia, because of the various treaties between the European nations the First World War began.
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End of WWI.
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After the German Revolution in 1918 after WWI the Weimar Republic was established as the first attempt of democracy in Germany.
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The treaty placed all the blame on the Germans and made them responsible for all the war reparations. The Germans highly resented the stipulations placed upon them. These sentiments helped fuel nationalism and support for the Nazi party.
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Mein Kampf was Hitler's autobiography which he wrote while in prison for a failed political coup.
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Most famous work is Die Blechtrommel.
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President Hindenberg appoints Hitler Chancellor to balance out the political parties in his cabinet.
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Nazi's pass Enabling Act which makes Hitler a legal dictator.
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It began with Hitler's ascension to Chancellor and ended with VE Day.
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Hitler declares himself leader when President Hindenberg dies.
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Germany annexes Austria as part of the Third Reich.
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The United States enters WWII.
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Germany surrenders.
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After WWII, the Soviet sector of Germany came under the control of the communists. East Germany remained separated until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990.
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Name of West Germany.
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The fall opened up the Soviet block and ended the Cold War.
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After the fall of the Berlin Wall, East and West Germany reunited.
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The Holy Roman Empire was divided into three sections for Charlemagne's three grandsons. One became was is primarily France, the second Germany, and the third mainly present-day Alsace and Lorraine whiche was disputed since then until WWII.
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Charlemagne is considered the founder and officially ended with Napoleon's establishment of the Confederation of the Rhine, although the Holy Roman Empire effectively was ended in 1648.