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Event - First Woman to Graduate with Bachelor's Degree
Catherine Brewer graduates from Wesleyan College of Georgia, becoming the first woman in the United States to earn a bachelor's degree. References:
Wesleyan College. (2019). Catherine Brewer Benson. Retrieved June 30, 2019, from https://www.wesleyancollege.edu/academics/Commencement/catherine-brewer-benson.cfm -
Law - Title IX in the Education Amendments Act of 1972
The United States passes Title IX of the Education Amendments Act (1972), outlawing any discrimination on the basis of sex within a federally funded educational program. Statutory Law. References:
Title IX of the Education Amendments Act, 20 U.S.C. ch. 38 § 1681 (1972) -
First Woman as President of University
Lorene L. Rogers becomes president of The University of Texas, the first woman to be president of a major research university in the United States. References:
Franklin, S. E. (2018, January 31). Meet Six Incredible Women from UT Austin Science History. Retrieved June 30, 2019, from https://cns.utexas.edu/news/meet-six-incredible-women-from-ut-austin-science-history -
Law - Women's Educational Equity Act
The Women's Educational Equity Act (1974) granted governmental assistance for programs that encouraged the recruitment of women in math, science, and athletic programs. Statutory Law. References:
Women’s Educational Equity Act, H.R. 12344, 93rd Cong. (1974) -
Event - Women Surpass Men in Enrollment
In 1980, the enrollment of women in United States colleges surpassed that of men (National Center for Education Statistics, 2010). References:
National Center for Education Statistics. (2010, July). Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Retrieved June 30, 2019, from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010015/indicator6_24.asp -
Law - Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
The case of Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718 (1982) found that the college's policy to restrict admissions to a specific gender violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Judicial Law. References:
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718 (1982) -
Law - Grove City College v. Bell
Title IX loses traction, as the U.S. Supreme Court rules that Title IX applies only to programs receiving direct federal aid. The case, Grove City College v. Bell (1984), placed many institutions' sports and extracurricular programs outside the scope of Title IX, making gender equality difficult to establish. Judicial Law. References:
Grove City College v. Bell, 465 U.S. 555 (1984) -
Law - The Civil Rights Restoration Act
The Civil Rights Restoration Act (1987) ensured Title IX covered all programs of an educational institution that receives direct or indirect federal assistance. Statutory Law. References:
Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, H.R. 1214, 100th Cong. (1987) -
Law - Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act
The Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (1993) required annual disclosure of gender demographics of athletic teams in federally assisted higher education institutions. This helped in monitoring a facilities inclusiveness of women in college athletics. Statutory Law References:
Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act, H.R. 921, 103rd Cong. (1993) -
Law - United States v. Virginia
In the case of United States v. Virginia (1996), the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Virginia Military Institute male-only admission policy violated U.S. law. The educational facility violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, as female students would not receive the same benefits if attending the alternative school, Mary Baldwin College. Judicial Law. References:
United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996) -
Current Events
The U.S. Department of Education reports 57% of students in higher educating are women (2012). From our timeline, we see this could be an effect of laws that protect and encourage women's participation in higher education programs and milestones made by women students and faculty. References:
U.S. Department of Education. (2012, June). Gender Equity in Education. Retrieved June 30, 2019, from https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/gender-equity-in-education.pdf