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Zenger Trial
New York City editor John Peter Zenger was indicted for publishing anti-government articles, but he was aquited. The case set the precedent for greater freedom of press. -
Albany Congress
Also known as the Albany Conference, it was a meeting between representatives 7 of the 13 British colonies. The purpose of it was to find a way to have an alliance with the Iroqouis against the French and to form a colonial alliance based on a plan by Ben Franklin. -
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7 Years War
It was the final colonial war before the American revolution. It was fought over the Ohio River Valley becuase whoever controlled it controlled the trade in the interior of North America. It was fought in Europe, America, and India between France and their allies against Britain and their allies. It was significant resulted in France's expulsion from North America. -
Treaty of Paris
It ended the French and Indian War between the British and the French. It gave Britain the French colonies of Canada and French America east of the Mississippi and Florida, while Spain gained the Louisiana Territory west of the Mississippi and regained Cuba and the Philippines. -
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Pontiac's Rebellion
Pontiac's Rebellion was a Native American uprising against British colonialists right after the defeat of the French in the French and Indian War. It is named after the Ottowa chief Pontiac. The Native Americans were unhappy with the way they were being treated by the British. Tribes allied together against the British but were unable to defeat them under Pontiac. In 1766, a treaty was signed between Pontiac and the British creating peace. -
Sugar Act
Passed by Parliament, it was to raise revenue in America, and it placed a duty on imported sugar into the colonies. It also increased restirctions on colonial commerce. -
Stamp Act
Passed by Parliament, it required the purchase of specially embossed paper for legal documents, publications, and playing cards. Colonial reaction was very negative and it had them calling for actual representation instead of virtual. "No taxation without representation." -
Repeal of Stamp Act
After months of colonial resistance, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, but they passed the Declatory Act the same day. -
Declatory Act
It was passed after the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act. It stated that Parliament had authority to legislate for colonies "in all cases whatsoever," and made laws binding to the colonies. -
Boston Massacre
After taunts and abuses from American colonists on crown officials, British soldiers fired upon the crowd. Although only 5 people were killed, colonial reaction boiled over. -
Tea Act
To raise money from the colonies, Parliament permitted the almost bankrupt East India Company to sell tea to the American colonies without paying duties. It reduced the retail prices so colonists would buy more tea, but it only angered the colonists more. -
Boston Tea Party
Angry colonists from the Tea Act dressed as Native Americans and got onto a cargo ship from the East India Company. They dumped £10,000 of into the Boston Harbor. -
Intolerable Acts
Includes the Boston Port Act, Massachusets Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act, and Quebec Act. It was met with heavy resistance from the colonists. -
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First Continental Congress
It was a convention of delegates from twelve of the British colonies. They had come together in response against the Intolerable Acts. They also called for a second meeting as the Second Continental Congress. -
Lexingto and Concord
This battle was the first battle that had the Britsh against the American colonists and marked the start of the American Revolution. -
Fort Ticonderoga
A small force of Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold overcame a small British garrison at the fort and looted the personal belongings of the garrison. Tt had significant strategic importance because it impeded communication between northern and southern units of the British Army -
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Second Continental Congress
It happened after being called for by the Fist Continental Congress. It managed the war for American independence and members signed the Declaration of Independece. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
Leaders of the colonial forces from Boston learned that the British generals were planning to send troops out from the city to occupy the unoccupied hills surrounding the city. They sent hteir forces and a battle ensued for the land. It led to a victory for the British. -
Olive Branch Petition
It was adopted by the Continental Congress to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. It was undermined from a letter by John Adams and refused by the King. -
Common Sense
Published by Thomas Paine, it was a pamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. It was the first written work to openly declare for American independence. -
Battle of Long Island
British operation began in NYCon Staten Island while Americans set up in Brooklyn. The Battle ended badly for the Patriots who withdrawed to Manhattan. -
Declaration of Independence
It was signed by the members of the Second Continental Congress. It declred that the 13 colonies were no longer part of the British empire and were their own independent states. -
Battle of Saratoga
In September, General Burgoyne of the British was forced to retreat to Saratoga. Under heavy fire from Patriot forces, he surrendered on October 19. -
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Valley Forge
Wahington's troops were quartered in an area of Pennsylvania during the British occupation of Pliladelphia. -
Ratification of the Articles of Confederation
The A.O.C was a written document setting up a loose conferderation of states that created the first national government of the United States. -
Battle of Yorktown
General Washington and General comte de Rochambeau surrounded the British base at Yorktown until October 19 when Gerneral Cornwallis of the British surrenderd ending the war. -
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Agreement between the French, Spanish, British, and Americans allowing the independence of the US and setting up boundaries.
