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France was divided into 47 feudal territories
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Philip II was also known as Philip Augustus. He was one of the most powerful Capetians. He did whatever he could to achieve his goals. He wanted more land and a stronger central government. He established royal officials called bailiffs. They were sent to collect taxes.
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The government became stronger during the reign of Philip II's grandson, Louis IX. He was known as the ideal king. He was made a saint by the Catholic church. He created a French appeals court, which could overrun the desicions of the local courts. These strenghtened the monarchy while weakening feudal ties.
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Philip IV had a quarrel with the pope about the priest paying taxes. The pope did not want the priests to pay taxes to the king, but Philip IV disputed this. The king called a meeting with lords, bishops, and commoners to gain support.
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He was the last member of the Carolingian family.
