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Germanic and Slavic cultures made legislation that forensic professionals would be the ones to decide the cause of death in cases.
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The fingerprints were first used to identify the person. Arab merchants would take the fingerprint of a debtor, and add it to the bill.
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The first forensic science textbook released by the Chinese authorities. It was the earliest recorded documentation of forensic expertise used to investigate court crimes.
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Released first pathology records.
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A chemist from Sweden. In 1775, devised the test for detecting Arsenic in corpses.
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First recorded case of physical matching of evidence leading to a murder conviction (John Toms, England). The proof was a ripped side of the newspaper in a pistol that fit the newspaper's pocket.
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Spanish toxicologist considered Father of Forensic Toxicology. In 1814, published the first scientific treatise on the detection of poisons.
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German chemist Valentin Ross has found a more effective method for measuring small quantities of Arsenic.
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Wrote the first definitive study of fingerprints and developed a classification system. In 1892 published the Finger Prints book.
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A chemist from Scotland. In 1939, he was the first to testify in a criminal trial on the detection of Arsenic in a victim’s body. Considered the first “Expert Witness” using science in a legal context.
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Prosecutor and Judge from Austria. In 1893 published Criminal Investigation. Discussed the benefits of science in criminal investigations.
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French Anthropologist that introduced the Bertillon System in 1879. Using different body tests to classify individuals by their facial presence. Also considered the “Father of the Mugshot”.
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San Francisco uses photography for criminal identification, the first city in the United States to do so.
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French doctor and criminologist. Developed Locard’s Exchange Principle. Opened the very first crime laboratory in France.
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The first to use the fingerprints in the murder investigation is Juan Vucetich, argentine police officer. He developed an authentication method using fingerprints, which he called a dactyloscopy.
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ABO, discovered by Karl Landsteiner and adapted by Dieter Max Richter to use on blood stains.
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First hair studies, including microscopic research from most animals, were conducted by Victor Balthazard and Marcelle Lambert. After this study, there was also the first legal case ever involving hair.
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Victor Balthazard knows that gun barrel devices rarely leave the same marks and that individual gun barrels leave grooves defining each bullet they fire. He developed different methods of photography to align bullets with weapons.
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American chemist and microscopy expert. Examined The Shroud of Turin and the Vinland map.
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The FBI has its own criminal laboratory, which is now one of the world's most important criminal laboratories. A legal chairman was founded the same year at Harvard.
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A sound spectrographer found that voices can be recorded. The Voiceprints started to be collected as evidence from call records, reaction devices, or tape recorders in prosecutions.
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FBI created a National Crime Information Centre, a computerized national recording system for people, vehicles stolen, weapons, etc.
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Software for the identification of bullet wounds that may link a suspect to the crime scene and indicate how near a suspect is to the gun. Aerospace Corporation in the U.S.
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Colin Pitchfork was accused of the abduction of two teens in DNA fingerprinting. The primary suspect in the case, who was presumably sentenced without the trial, was obvious from this testimony.
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In 1984, developed first DNA profiling test.
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National Academy of Sciences announces DNA evidence is reliable.
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In order to cut the fingerprint query response from two weeks to two hours, the FBI creates an advanced automatic fingerprint recognition program.
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The UK Forensic Science Service is developing a system for the detection and coding of online footwear. This helps the police to easily recognize traces on boots.
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The state university of Michigan creates software that combines hand-drawn face drawings automatically with mug shots stored in databases.
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Japanese scientists are designing a similar dental X-ray device. This device will compare dental x-rays in a database instantly and allows a correct match in under four seconds.