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Dual Federalism
Dual Federalism is the first era of merican Federalism. It lasted from 1789 to 1930. Under dual federalism both state and national governments were equal authorities opperating within their own spheres of influence as defined by a strict reading of the Constitution. -
McCuulloch v, Maryland
The Congress opened the second bank of the U.S. and Maryland decided to put a tax on all banks opperating in the state. James McCulloch who was an oficer at the Maryland branch of the bank refused to pay the tax. When brought to court Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that it was right for the antion to start a bank becuase it would regualte commerce and currency, but it was unconstituitonal for the states to tax a national bank. -
Doctrine of Nullification
Politicians in Southern states believed that states had the right to cancel national laws that they beleived contradicted with state interests. This was known as the Doctrine of Nullification. -
Doctrine of Secenssion
The idea that states had the right to separate themselves form the Union. -
Reconstuction Amendments
The civil war endded slavery because the north won. The 13th (abolish slavery), 14th (prohibites states from denying citezens rights), and 15th (extended voted rights to African American men). -
Interstate Commerce Act
Regulates the railroad industry by setting restricitons on the rates these companie could charge. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
This Act passed to prevent monopolies(exclusive control of a good in a particular market) and to encourage fair competition in a ll industries. This was used to break up the American Tobacoo Company in the ealry 1900s -
The United States v. E.C. Knight Company
In this case, the Court Ruled that a cobination of sugar refining companies was not a monopoly un the Sherman Antitrust Act. The court explains that since sugar companies opperated locally, they could not be controlled by the national governemnt. -
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Cooperative Federalsim
Cooperative Federalsim was marked by the belief that all levels of government should work together to solve the problem. This type of federalism was under The New Deal led by President Franklin Roosevelt. -
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Creative Federalsim
President Lyndon Johnson created his Great Society program, which initiatives aimed at eliminating poverty, and social inequalities also known as Creative Federalism. -
The Reagan Years
President Ronald Reagan supported returning power to the states because he bieleived that the national governemnt was less affected than the states governments in providing services to the people. Reagan did this by cutting national grant money to the states. -
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New Federalsim
Many politicians worked to reverse this trend by returnign authority to state goverernments. This era is called new federalsim -
Contract with America
The Contract was a promise from the Rebuplican canidates that they would achieve specific goals within 100 days of taking office. -
Devolution
Central to the Contract with America was the idea of retuning power to states also known as devolution.
