Fascism and Nazism in Italy

EXPANSIONISM PROGRAM

1938 BCE

Czechoslovakia. In the Czech area of the Sudetes th
ere were around 3.5 million Germans, who should be ruled by a German power based on Hitler’s principles. On 29th September 1938 Germany, Italy,Great Britain,and France reached the Munich Agreement,where Germany annexed the Sudetes After the Treaty of Versailles,Poland divided Germany into two parts and East Prussia remained isolated. Hence, Hitler wanted to control Danzig in order to unite both parts of Germany.

INTERNACIONAL POLICY

1936 BCE

The rule over Libya was consolidated.
Mussolini conquered and annexed Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1936.

Albania and Somalia were occupied in 1939.
Due to international conflicts with France and Grea
t Britain, Mussolini got closer to Hitler’s
Germany. The Rome-Berlin Axis was created on 1st
November 1936. The Pact of Steel was
signed between Hitler and Mussolini on 22nd May 1939. Japan also joined this pact to fight against communism (Anti-Comintern Pact).

EXPANSIONISM PROGRAM

1936 BCE

Hitler wanted to concentrate all the Germans under
his rule :
Changes within Germany. Some areas of Germany had been occupied or controlled by foreign powers after the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler could not tolerate this and began some campaigns to re-take over those German regions(Saarland 1935, Rhineland 1936) He wanted Austria to be a part of his Reich and promoted the so-called Anschluss.

Hitler decided to call for another election

1933 BCE

In January 1933 Hitler decided to call for another
election (March 1933) hoping to make the
Nazis stronger in the Reichstag (Parliament), and t
hey did it well this time because: They controlled the mass media. Opposition meetings were banned. They used the SA* to terrorise opponents. *SA: mil
itary force to protect the Nazi
leaders and harass their political opponents.

The rise of the nazis

1932 BCE

The Depression hit Germany deeply. By 1932 conditions were serious in Germany. Over five million people were unemployed and the country was desperate for a strong government.
President Hindenburg called an election (April 1932) but did not get the majority.The new government still could not govern properly, and after the new elections (November 1932)
Hindenburg offered Hitler the post of Chancellor (head of government).

FASCISM ECONOMY

1929 BCE

Fascist economy:
Mussolini promoted a capitalist economic model. He
promoted the heavy industrial
sector.
He sought self-sufficiency and imports were limited.
Public works were developed
under this regime.

FASCISM SOCIETY

1929 BCE

Fascism counted on the Catholic support. Mussolini
signed the Lateran Treaty in 1929
with the Pope Pius XI: Italy acknowledged the indep
endence of the Vatican as a
sovereign state.
Catholicism was the Italian official religion. Only
religious marriages would be allowed.
Mussolini became more racist with Jews after his ap
proach to Hitler.
Everything was completely controlled by Mussolini a
nd the Fascist National Party, who
imposed censorship and propaganda

Life under the nazis

1925 BCE

Hitler reorganised Germany into Gaus (provinces) with a Gaulieiter in charge. Above them were the Reichsleiters like Goering and Goebbels who advised Hitler.Goebbels was incharge of propaganda and controlled all public information (radio, newspapers, education). He had the support of the SS (1925), a personal force for Hitler and the leading Nazis. Heinrich Himmler was in charge or the SS. Hitler was on top and he was called the Führer, whohad absolute power.

Germany suffered a hyperinflation.

1923 BCE

In 1923 Germany suffered a hyperinflation. This hap
pens when production can ́t keep up with the amount of money there is, so money keeps losing its value. As result of this, prices could increase every day, middle classes lost their savings and the German market became worthless

WEIMAR REPUBLIC

1919 BCE

After the Great War a republic was set up in February 1919 at. It was a democratic government. The Weimar republic had many problems:
Thousands of people were poor and starving. The soc
iety was divided, they did not accept
losing the war and they thought that the conditions
of the Peace Treaties were very unfair
for Germany.
In 1919, Communists tried to take over Berlin in the Spartacist Revolt, but they were defeated.

The rise of fascism in Italy

1919 BCE

Italy suffered the enormous human and economic after-effects of the Great War. There was a major political crisis since they did not get as much as they expected (irredentism).
Besides there was a social and economic crisis.
Some farmers occupied big properties, workers invaded factories, a lot of people, particularly middle and upper classes, were afraid of a communist revolution like the one in Russia. The fascists led by Benito Mussolini began to control many parts of Italy.

Economic program

Apr 20, 1921

Hitler started a huge plan of public works which gave jobs to thousands of people: motorways, public buildings...
All men between the ages of 18 and 25 had to go into the National Labour Service and they got a job.
Strikes were not allowed but they had higher wages
than before; good works had benefits, such as holidays... Big industrial names like Thyssen, Krupp or Volkswagen (the people ́s car) supported the regime and had a lot of benefits

Antisemitism

Nov 25, 1938

Hitler believed Germans were a super-race and blamed other races for weakening the German people.He said that Jews were responsible for many German problems and several laws were passed against them.They were called the Nuremberg Laws:Jews were not considered German citizens any more.
Marriage and sexual relationships between Jews and other Germans were banned. All Jews had to wear a yellow badge (Star of David) on their clothes.