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Levels of Militarization
By 1914, Germany had increased thier military. The British and Germans both increased their navies in this time. Especially, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on the public. This increase in militarism helped push the countries involved to war. -
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Alliance Systems
Germany and Austro-Hungry formed the Dual Alliance in 1879 ( which became the Triple Alliance when the Italians joined them in 1882). France, in 1894, made an alliance with Russia, In 1904, France made an agreement with Britain called the Entente Cordiale. In 1907, Britain made an entente with Russia, thus forming the Triple Entente, made up of Great Britan, France And, Russia -
The assassination of Francis Ferdinand
RECOURSE Francis Ferdiand (Austria's heir to the thrown) and his wife were driving to City Hall. All of a sudden, a man named Gabrinovic threw a bomb at Ferdinand's car but bounced off and blew up near the vehicle;giving him injuries. After he was attended to, the couple quickly continued to City Hall where two shot were fired by the assassin Gavrilo Princip who supported Slavic nationalism. He assumed the death of the Archduke was the key that would free his people of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. -
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WWI
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The sinking of the Lustiania
On May 7, as the ship approached Ireland, a torpedo fired by the German submarine, U 20 slammed into her side. Later, a second explosion tore the ship apart. It sank quickly taking 1,119 out of 1924 lives on board, 114 americans were killed in this attack. This attack eventually brings America into the war in 1917 -
Zimmerman Telegram
Was a telegram written by Arther Zimmerman who was a Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, It was addressed to the German ambassador,Heinrich von Eckardt, in Mexico during the uprising of WW1.it also stated they would be continuing their policy of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and then ordered him to propose an alliance with them. -
U-boats
Uboats were German submarines that were used in WW1 and WW2. They were great military-wise against an enemy naval vessal. They were mainly used in blockades by sending a naval blockade against enemy shipping, they decreased the amount of supplies that country recived. The main targets of the U-boats in both WW1 and WW2 were merchant ships, bringing supplies from Canada and the United States to Great Britain. -
Unrestricted Warfare
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare is a type where submarines sink mechant ships without warning or "prize rules." this Unrestricted Warfare lead many countries, after the war, to push for a ban on all submarines but the London Naval Treaty required all submarine to abide by the Prize Rules ( the must notify the crew of the ship before they attack/sink the ship. -
The Bolshevic Revolution
A revolution of the workers lead by V.I. Lenin after the Dethroning of Czar Nicolas II. The Bolshevis, or workers, lead te revolution with the Red Guard. The revoution lasted only two days November 6-7 with the Bolshevics achieving rule and establising Communism -
Trench warfare
was the new form of fighting which started in WW1. Instead of two long front lines of men shooting at each other and dying, they digged up trenches so that they can protect themselves. In the beginning, both lines had advanced in their military weapons, which made their original fighting tactic much more useless. But because they made trenches, soldiers now avoided fighting because they did not want to die. So it turned out that they fought more many months because nothing was resolved -
The League of Nations
The League of Nations was formed for one reason: to ensure that war never happened again. After the chaos that was caused by the Treaty of Versailles. The League was supported by many countries (except for the USA due to increasing isolationism). the League was based in Geneva, Switerland. The league, however, was disbanded after a number of failures including failing to stop wars in Italy, Russia, Poland, and Albaina. There was an invasion of the Rhur (Germanys most important industrial zone). -
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Interwar Period
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Treaty of Versailles
it was the peace settlement signed after world war 1. It was written when the Allies who defeated Germany became angry with the damage the have done to them. They wrote the treaty in response to WW1. it would take away Germnay's money, land, people, and belongings. It was signed near Paris at the Versailles Palace. The 3 main politicians who were involved in the signing were David Lloyd George, Georges Cleamanceau, and Woodrow Wilson. -
Stalin VS. Trotsky
After Lenin suffered two strokes, it was time to decide on a new leader. With more faith in Trotsky, Lenin wrote a letter stating that Trotsky should become leader. Stalin hid this letter from the government and succesded Lenin as ruller of the USSR. -
The rise of fascism
facism is basically a dictatorship forcefully encouraging nationalism. Countries like Germany, Italy and Japan experienced fascism during The Great Depression. Some fascists believed that their nation must struggle in order to become stronger. Mussolini had promised to rescue Italy by developing its economy and armed forces. Hitler also became very powerfull through his speeches. He wrote Mein Kampf which had all of his beliefs and goals he had for Germany. -
The Great Depression
Th Great Depression occured when the American stock market crashed, which caused many people around the world to become bankrupt. industries and businesses lost lots of their money. Personal income,prices, and profits dropped imensly. International trade also declined to 50%. Because of all of this downfall, facism occured because of everyones insecurity economical wise. it also occured because every nation tried to get together during a hard time and advertise optimism and hope. -
Spanish civil war
The Spanish civil war (1936-1939) was between the Republicans and The Fascists, A revolt against the Government of Spain by certain groups within the country. When that failed, a civil war ensued. The Nationalists, the rebels, received help from Italy and Germany. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union, as well as Europe and the United States. -
German Annexation of Austria, The Rhineland, and The Sudentland/Czechoslovakia
In 1938, German annexed Austria, The Rhine, and, Czech./Sudentland. Austria and the rhineland were both annexed on March 12, 1938 due to long term support from many both German and Austrian supporters. The German army invaded and occupied Czechoslovakia on March 16, 1938. These annexations broke the Treaty of Versallies signed after WWI. Britan and France did nothing in the hopes to avoid another world war but it happened anyways. -
German Invasion of Poland
On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Within weeks of the invasion,the Polish army surrendered. Germany invaded from East Prussia and Germany in the north, and Silesia and Slovakia in the south. After heavy attacks, Warsaw surrendered to the Germans on September 27, 1939. Britain and France had declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939. The Soviet Union then procced to invade eastern Poland on September 17, 1939. -
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World War II
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Battle of Britiain
Completely fought in the air, the Battle of Britiain was provoked by the retreat of the British and French previously. Hitler initially wanted to take over Great Britain because he felt it was a strategic point in the war. So he then launched the largest aerial attack in World War II. The Germans were planning on wiping out the Royal Air Forces in order to invade Britiain and cross over, so he sent his air forces called Luftwaffe to bomb London. The bombings were unsuccessful and useless. -
Fall of France
The fall of France was caused by the Germans invading in 1940. The Germans had been allowed to ease of out the resrictions put on them after the Treaty of Versailles. Britain and France joined arrms to make their outcome more successful and stop Hitler from taking over Europe. During the battle, Germany raided both in air and on land. On July 22, France and Germany signed a armisitcist. This forced French and British forced to evacuate from a city called Dunkirk. -
Evacuation At Dunkirk.
During France's Fall in 1940 the British and The French were forced to evacuate from a port city named Dunkirk. Both countries retreated so they would not be captured by the Germans. Overall they saved around 300,000 men from those beaches. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
On December 7, 1941, 300 Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base of Pearl Harbor. The attack lasted only two hours, but was devastating. The Japanese destroyed 20 American ships, including eight battleships, and more than 200 aircraft. More than 3,000 Americans were either KIA or injured during the attack. The day after the assault, December 8th 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. Congress agrees and America enters the war. -
Battle of Stalingrand
One of the major battles and of WW11 and biggest battle on the Eastern front. Germany fought the Soviet Union for control of Stalingrad. Germany’s main task was to obtain the oil fields in the Caucasus. In order to do so,the German commander, was ordered to take over Stalingrad. Germany brutally lost the seige and was in full retreat. -
Midway/ Guadalcanal
the battle of Guadalcanal was fought by air and water over the island Guadalcanal. The battle was between Japan and the Allied forces.
Midway was a battle where japan tried to take over 2 islands which were U.S. bases. There the U.S. set up their own military air base. The battle was fought by aircafts launched from aircraft carriers. -
D-day
This was the day the Allies, mainly America, arrived in Europe to hopefully free the continent from German control. It was the largest sea invasion in military history. On D-Day, over three million troops arrived in Normandy, France, from England. The Allies fought by air and sea attacks. Troops arrived through the water and took over Normandy after 3 days. The battle lasted more than two months and ended with the Allied liberation of Paris. -
Firebombing of Tokyo
During 1944-1945 the US started using incendiaries (firebombs) to bomb Tokyo. This was used rather than conventional bombing because it is much more effective at destroying more in a short time. The firebombing was particularly effect becasue most houses in Tokyo were made of wood and therefore burnen much easier to burn. The death toll was greater than the bombing of Hiroshima or Nagasaki. Total death toll was around 150-60,000 civilians/soldiers. -
VE-Day
'Victory in Europe' (VE) Day, marked the formal end of Nazi Germany's war. It ended the past six years of misery and suffering throughout the world. Everyone reacted differently to the end of the war, Most celebrated by partying while, many soldiers spent the day in reverance. It was understood that nothing would ever be quite the same again. -
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
America dropped two atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bomb was dropped by an B29 Bomber named The Enola Gay. It exploded about 2.000ft above the ground and is believed to have completely destroyed both cities, which are located on the western side of Japan. -
VJ Day
Standing for Victory over Japan, VJ Day marks the anniversary the Allies’ victory in Japan in World War II. It was caused by the dropping of the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
