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OJT
During WWII, older men had to enter the work force in place of those who had been called up to war. This created a great need for training and eventaually gave birth to the Job Instructor Program (JIT), essentially a train the trainer program (Estep, 2008). Image retrieved from Wiki Commons. (1941-1945). https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/%22VETERANS%2C_EARN_WHILE_YOU_LEARN_THROUGH_ON_THE_JOB_TRAINING%22_-_NARA_-_515966.jpg -
(ORT) School
Image retrieved from Kheel Center. (2010). https://www.flickr.com/photos/kheelcenter/5279333107/ Organization of Rehabilitation through Training offered wood shop training for men who were not fighting in the war. -
ASTD
Image retrieced from TDCrews (2009) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Training_%26_Development#/media/File:ASTDHQ.jpg ASTD formed in 1942 as the American Society of Training Directors (Estep, 2008). The group was founded in 1944. Its goals were to raise awareness on the standards of the industrial training profession and to further professional education and development. -
Psychology Classes
The 1950s brought many changes for the area of training in the US. Human relations became very important and supervisors were often trianed in psychology. Later, behaviorism brought on the idea of individualized training (Estep, 2008). Image retrieved from SInclair Community College (1950) https://www.flickr.com/photos/sinclaircommunitycollege/3746256142/in/album-72157624407847544/ -
Group Training
Image retrieved from Gawler History. (2009). https://www.flickr.com/photos/gawler_history/6399053863/in/photostream/ Pictured: Men attend motor maintenance training in the 1950s. -
Bloom's Taxonomy
Image retrieved from Wiki Commons (2012) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bloom%27s_Taxonomy.png Benjamin Bloom introduced his classification of learning objectives known as Bloom's Taxonomy. These ideas are more well known today as the KSAs (knolwedge, skills, and attitudes) of learning (Estep, 2008). -
University of Illinois creates PLATO
Image retrieved from Mtnman79. (2008). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLATO_(computer_system)#/media/File:Platovterm1981.jpg PLATO, an acronym for Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operation, was created at the University of Illinois in 1960 and later commercialized in 1970 and continued to be used throughout the 1980s. PLATO was used for education and training by many schools, universities, corporations, government entities, and the military (Kroeker, 2010). -
Skinner Teaching Machine
Image retrieved from Wiki Commons. (2008.). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skinner_teaching_machine_08.jpg P.F. Skinner created this machine that would have a paper wheel filled with questions for students to answer on tiny bits of paper to the right. Each question or step answered brings the student closer to competency. The machine would continue to go through all of the steps that were answered incorrectly until the sudent was fully competent in all steps (Skinner, 1958). -
ASTD changes name
In 1964 ASTD changed it's name from American Society for Training Directors to American Society for Training and Development. Image retrieved from TDCrew (2009) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Training_%26_Development#/media/File:ASTDHQ.jpg -
Socio-technical Systems Theory
The sociotechnical systems theory suggested that both social issues and technical issues effected the successful functioning of an organization. How well those two systems work together determines the organization's success (Estep, 2008). Pictured: Students take a typing class at Sinclair Community College, 1970. Image retrieved from Sinclair Community College (1970) https://www.flickr.com/photos/sinclaircommunitycollege/3746254980/in/album-72157624407847544/ -
New Technology
Image retrieved from Gawler History. (2009). https://www.flickr.com/photos/gawler_history/6399055923/ A lecturer at Gawler Adult Education Centre uses the newest technology to engage learners. This technology included the overhead projector, the carousel slide projector, and the tape recorder (Gawler History, 2009). -
Return on Investments (ROI)
Image retrieved from Kanter, B. (2008) https://www.flickr.com/photos/cambodia4kidsorg/3085209738 The slow of productivity caused a lot of management job loss in the 1980s. Corporations began looking at the cost benefits of training and the idea of a return on investment (ROI). During this time women were also entering the field of training and development at a high rate, by 1989 they made up 47% of ASTD members (Estep, 2008). -
Women and Technology
In the 1980s women entered the field of training and development in large numbers. By 1989, 47% of ASTD members were women. At the same time techonology was also booming. The first electronic workspaces came on the scene in 1981 and by 1986 the PC compatible laptop was available. New technology would change the way training was designed, delivered, and managed in organizations (Estep, 2008). Pictured: food and home economics class at Salford College in the 1980s http://usir.salford.ac.uk/10727/ -
The 90s Technology Explosion
Technology seemed to take over in the 90s. E-learning, computer-based training, and online learning were expected to take place of classroom training. When learners became disengaged with e-learning, blended learning became an option. Training began to become publicly legitimate (Estep, 2008). Image retrieved from Surran, M. (2008) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Students_working_on_class_assignment_in_computer_lab.jpg#/media/File:Students_working_on_class_assignment_in_computer_lab.jpg -
International Influence on Training
The growth of training in China and India in the early 2000s makes a hige impact on business and training around the world. The importance of leadership and talent management has been brought to the forefront. Training and talent management seeks to inegrate functions across an organization. Mobile devices have become the new method of choice for learning on the go (Estep, 2008). Image retrieved from Edutopia (2015) http://edutopia-socialstudies.wikispaces.com/Global+Education+Info -
Present Day Training
Training has come so far with technology and it doesn't show signs of slowing down any time soon. The medical field now uses technology to conduct life-like simulations training for all sorts of medical scenarios. Students and professionals are taking part in training more than ever before. Image retrieved from RealSpine (2014) http://healthysimulation.com/5758/realspine-surgical-simulator-provides-high-fidelity-training/
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