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to assist defense industries to meet their manpower needs by training within industry each worker.
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TWI implements Charles Allen’s 12 hour “How to Instruct” to supervisors in New Jersey
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The program taught supervisory responsibility, foundations for good relations, and treating people as individuals.
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The American Society of Training Directors (ASTD) is formed
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Designed to develop a questioning attitude among supervisors with the result of getting ideas from them.
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Introduced behaviorism to the training field. Paved the way for a new type of training called individualized instruction
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Categorized learning objectives into knowledge, skills, or attitude and relate to the way that learning objectives are written to specify the types of learning to be accomplished
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ASTD introduces the theme of measurement in training by publishing Kirkpatrick’s four levels of evaluation of training: Reaction, learning, behavior, and results
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Involving top leadership in training and increased need to understand the business
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Systematic results based approach helping organizations reach their goals through the work of people
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To reflect this broader focus ASTD added development to its name
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Automated programmed instruction through the use of training machine became popular
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Created the field of Organization Development. OD is a values-based approach to systems change in organizations and communities.
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Interaction of both social and technical factors support or hinder the success of an organization. Trainers began to see that both social and technical factors had to be addressed
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Malcolm Knowles suggested that adults learn differently from children and coined the term andragogy
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Because of large budget cuts and layoffs organizations started looking at value training departments brought to an organization
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47% of ASTD’s members were women. Assertiveness training became all the rage
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the integrated use of training and development, organization development, and career development to improve individual, group, and organizational effectiveness
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Introduced the concept of learning enterprise which comprised of systems thinking, mental models, personal mastery, and shared vision and dialogue
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Strong proponent of training and established the Office of Work-Based Learning
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ASTD creates the first global community of practice
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Allows employees across the globe to collaborate. Knowledge management systems allow on the spot training
