-
Training within Industry
to assist defense industries to meet their manpower needs by training within industry each worker. -
TWI Job Instruction Program
TWI implements Charles Allen’s 12 hour “How to Instruct” to supervisors in New Jersey -
TWI Job Relations Program
The program taught supervisory responsibility, foundations for good relations, and treating people as individuals. -
ASTD
The American Society of Training Directors (ASTD) is formed -
TWI Job Methods Program
Designed to develop a questioning attitude among supervisors with the result of getting ideas from them. -
B.F. Skinner’s book Science and Human Behavior published
Introduced behaviorism to the training field. Paved the way for a new type of training called individualized instruction -
Introduction of Bloom’s taxonomy of education objectives
Categorized learning objectives into knowledge, skills, or attitude and relate to the way that learning objectives are written to specify the types of learning to be accomplished -
Kirkpatrick Four Level Evaluation Model
ASTD introduces the theme of measurement in training by publishing Kirkpatrick’s four levels of evaluation of training: Reaction, learning, behavior, and results -
A Broader Focus
Involving top leadership in training and increased need to understand the business -
HPI – Human Performance improvement (HPI) introduced
Systematic results based approach helping organizations reach their goals through the work of people -
Training and Development
To reflect this broader focus ASTD added development to its name -
Microcomputers widely used
Automated programmed instruction through the use of training machine became popular -
Richard Beckhard’s Organization Development: Strategies and Models
Created the field of Organization Development. OD is a values-based approach to systems change in organizations and communities. -
Sociotechnical-systems theory
Interaction of both social and technical factors support or hinder the success of an organization. Trainers began to see that both social and technical factors had to be addressed -
The introduction of Adult Learning Theory
Malcolm Knowles suggested that adults learn differently from children and coined the term andragogy -
ROI
Because of large budget cuts and layoffs organizations started looking at value training departments brought to an organization -
PC-compatible laptop computers became available
-
Women enter the field of training and development
47% of ASTD’s members were women. Assertiveness training became all the rage -
Introduction of the term Human Resource Development (HRD)
the integrated use of training and development, organization development, and career development to improve individual, group, and organizational effectiveness -
Peter Senge published The Fifth Discipline
Introduced the concept of learning enterprise which comprised of systems thinking, mental models, personal mastery, and shared vision and dialogue -
Robert Reich became US Secretary of Labor
Strong proponent of training and established the Office of Work-Based Learning -
Training Goes Global
ASTD creates the first global community of practice -
Web 2.0
Allows employees across the globe to collaborate. Knowledge management systems allow on the spot training
