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Began with the developmental work of Jean Piaget (1896-1980).
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The first school museum opens in St. Louis.
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Keystone View Company publishes a teacher's guide to lantern slides and stereographs.
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The first catalog of instructional films are published.
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John B. Watson published "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It."
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The DVI, now Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT), was created.
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The Great Depression was part of cause of the investment and loss of more than $50 million in the visual instruction movement.
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Introduced by British psychologist Sir Frederic Bartlett.
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Coined by Jean Piaget.
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The federal government established the division that oversaw the production of 457 training films between 1941-45 during WWII.
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B. F. Skinner's article is published starting a minor revolution in the education field.
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Behavioral objectives were boosted due to the publishing of Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, & Krathwohl.
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Soviet Union launches Sputnik, resulting in millions of U.S. dollars being put into improving math and science education.
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Robert Glaser introduced the term criterion-referenced measures, a form of testing that measures the performance of specific behaviors.
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The first definition of instructional technology was produced by the Department of Audiovisual instruction.
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Robert Gagne's first edition was published outlining the five domains of learning outcomes, and nine events of instruction.
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Gagne proposed the nine events of instruction.
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In To Improve Learning, the Commission on Instructional Technology gave two definitions of instructional technology that reinforced old notions and also clearly defined the systematic process.
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Several branches of the U.S. military adopt the model.
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Chronicled developments in the instructional design field.
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The Association for Educational Communications and Technology published 16 statements, 9 pages of tables, and 9 more chapters defining the field. They were the first to mention the analysis phase.
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Personal computers were being used for instruction in more than 40% of elementary schools and more than 75% of secondary schools in the U.S. (Center for Social Organization, 1983).
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Growing interest in constructivist views of teaching and learning, as well as, using computers to aid and improve on-the-job performance.
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Developed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger.
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The Internet became increasingly relied on as a means of presenting instruction.
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Introduced by George Siemens and Stephen Downes.
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The AECT Definition and Terminology Committee published a series of chapters explaining each key term in the definition, with a new emphasis on ethics and the adjective technological.
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Approximately 32% of higher institution students had at least one online course, up from 10% in 2002 (Allen & Seaman, 2013).
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28% of businesses and industries used online training, up from 13% in 2003 (ASTD Research, 2010; ATD Research, 2015a).
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64% of college students use smartphones, 40% use tablets for schoolwork.
41% of students grades 4-12 use smartphones, 37% use tablets for schoolwork.
2-3 times a week (Pearson, 2015ab). -
First to define the field as instructional design and technology because the field encompasses instructional media, design, and performance improvement.