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Prince Henry started the first school for oceanic navigation along with an astronomical observatory at Sagres, Portugal. In this school, people were trained in nagivation, map-making, and science, in order to sail down the west of Africa.
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Dias was a Knight of the royal court. King John II of Portugal appointed him to head an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the hope of finding a trade route to India.
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Columbus led a total of four expeditions to the New World, discovering various Caribbean islands, the Gulf of Mexico, and the South and Central American mainlands.
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Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, in which they agreed to divide the Western Hemisphere between them. New discovered lands to the west of the imaginary line belongs to spain. while The newly discovered land on the east of the imaginary line belongs to portugal.
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On 1521, Magellan's expedition landed on Homonhon island in the Philippines. He was the first European to reach the islands. Rajah Humabon of Cebu was friendly with Magellan and embraced Christianity, but their enemy, Lapu-Lapu was not.
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The expedition continued northward reaching the bay of Manila on the island of Luzon on June 24, 1571, where they established a new town and thus began an era of Spanish colonization that lasted for more than three centuries
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The Dutch followed Portugal and Spain in establishing an overseas colonial empire, but based on military conquest of already-existing Portuguese and Spanish settlements, and not on discovery and colonisation
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it was a commercial enterprise, founded in 1664 to compete with the British and Dutch East India companies in colonial India.
