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Education in the 1900's
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The First Junior High opens in Columbus, Ohio
In 1909, the Columbus, Ohio, Board of Education authorized the creation of the first junior high school in the United States. Previously, students in Columbus remained in elementary school through the eighth grade, when they then attended high school. Unfortunately, fifty-two percent of Columbus's students dropped out of school before entering the tenth grade. Only seven percent of Columbus's children actually graduated from high school. -
Intelligence Test
An intelligence test developed by Robert Yerkes and other psychologists is administered to more than 1.5 million U.S. Army recruits. The test, called the Army "Alpha" exam, uses multiple-choice questions invented two years prior and is designed to help the Army make rapid placement decisions for prospective soldiers entering World War I. -
Dalton Plan
The Dalton School, originally called the Children's University School, was founded by Helen Parkhurst in 1919. It was a time marked by educational reform. Philosophers, teachers, and child psychologists identified as "progressives" began to question the conventional wisdom of the day which held that education was a process of drill and memorization and that the only way to teach was to regiment children in classrooms. -
The First SAT administered
At the beginning of WWII James Conant , President of Harvard University, created a scholarship program to attract other students. However, Conant had to come up with a way to compare and evaluate students academically. Conant’s assistant solved the problem by using Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The SAT was created by a psychologist at Princeton called Carl Brigham. The SAT was based on the army recruits IQ test which Brigham had created before. -
Patient for the Ball Point pen
A Hungarian journalist named Laszlo Biro invented the first ballpoint pen in 1938. Biro had noticed that the type of ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge-free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. The thicker ink would not flow from a regular pen nib and Biro had to devise a new type of point. -
G.I Bill
The GI Bill, officially known as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, was designed to provide greater opportunities to returning war veterans of World War II. The bill, signed by President Roosevelt on June 22, 1944, provided federal aid to help veterans adjust to civilian life in the areas of hospitalization, purchase of homes and businesses, and especially, education. This act provided tuition, subsistence, books and supplies. -
Brown vs Board of Education
This case is a consolidation of several different cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. Several black children through their legal representatives, sought admission to public schools that required or permitted segregation based on race. The plaintiffs alleged that segregation was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
ACT Test administered
As with many organizations of long standing, ACT started with a person who had an idea and a desire to make things better. In 1959, University of Iowa education professor E.F. Lindquist launched the forerunner to today's ACT test. By focusing on practical knowledge rather than cognitive reasoning, Lindquist's assessment was groundbreaking and achieved his goals to help students make better decisions for themselves while enabling institutions to improve student success. -
Project Head Start
Head Start is a federally-funded child development program designed to help break the cycle of poverty by providing preschool children of low-income families with a comprehensive program to meet their emotional, social, health, nutritional and psychological needs. Head Start’s approach is that the parent is the child’s primary educator and that the entire family, as well as the community, must be involved in guiding and nurturing the child. -
Elementary and Seconday Act
"This committee report contains the President's 1965 Education and State of the Union Messages, the text of 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) to improve educational quality and opportunities, and a section-by-section analysis of of the ESEA. The titles of the Act provide financial assistance for (1) local educational agencies to educate children from low income families, (2) school library resources and instructional materials, (3) supplementary educational centers and services, -
Bilingual Act
The Bilingual Education Act was the first federal legislation to address the unique educational needs of students with limited English-speaking ability (later called “limited English proficient”). It set the stage for further legislation regarding equality of educational opportunity for language minorities. -
Title 9
Title 9 of the education amendments of 1972 is enacted into law. Title 9 prohibits federally funded educational institutions from discriminating against students or employees based on sex. on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." As a result of Title IX, any school that receives any federal money from the elementary to university level. -
IDEA Act
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA, is the most important piece of civil rights legislation for children with disabilities ever passed in this country. Prior to its passage in 1975, at least one million children with disabilities in the United States were denied any public education, and at least four million more were segregated from their non-disabled peers. IDEA guarantees children with disabilities a free, appropriate public education. -
First Charter School
Charter schools are by definition independent public schools. Although funded with taxpayer dollars, they operate free from many of the laws and regulations that govern traditional public schools. In exchange for that freedom, they are bound to the terms of a contract, or "charter," that lays out a school’s mission, academic goals, and accountability procedures. -
First Online High school
CompuHigh, founded in 1994, bills itself as the world's first online high school. It offers 38 courses in a variety of humanities and sciences as well as physical education that can be taken independently or as a full diploma program for students in grades nine through 12. Adults over 21 may pursue a high school diploma by combining previous high school credit with up to five credits of life experience and a selection of CompuHigh courses.
