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In Athens, during the 5th and 4th century BC, aside from two years military training, the state played little part in schooling Anyone could open a school. Parents could choose a school offering the subjects they wanted their children to learn, gymnastics, music and literacy.Girls rarely received formal education. By around 350 BC, it was common for children at schools in Athens to also study various arts such as drawing, painting, and sculpture.
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The education system in Sparta was entirely different, designed to create warriors with complete obedience, courage, and physical perfection. At the age of seven, boys were taken away from their homes to live in school dormitories or military barracks. There they were taught sports, endurance and fighting, with harsh discipline. Most of the population was illiterate.
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The first schools in Ancient Rome arose by the middle of the 4th century BC.Formal schools were established, which served paying students (very little in the way of free public education as we know it can be found).Normally, both boys and girls were educated.A Roman student would progress through schools just as a student today might go from elementary school to middle school, then to high school, and finally college.
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It has been argued that literacy rates in Roman world were seldom more than 20 percent, though with wide regional variations, probably never rising above 5 percent in the western provinces, and that the literate in classical Greece did not much exceed 5 percent of the population.
