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Richard raises funds through heavy taxation and selling offices. Leaves England in December 1189; sets out for the Holy Land in 1190.
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Richard I is crowned king of England after the death of his father, Henry II
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Richard leaves England to join the Third Crusade, appointing William Longchamp as justiciar in his absence.
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Richard and Phillip II of France meet in Sicily to co-ordinate their efforts for the Third Crusade.
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Richard defeats Saladin's forces, securing a key victory in the Third Crusade
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Richard arrives at Acre to find the Crusader army laying siege to the city, which had been held by Saladin's forces since 1187.
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Richard helps capture Acre from Saladin during the Third Crusade
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Saladin's garrison surrenders Acre to the Crusaders after a long siege. Richard and Phillip II of France argue over control of the city.
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Richard and Phillip II capture the city of Acre from Muslim forces after a prolonged siege.
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After Saladin fails to pay a ransom for prisoners, Richard orders the execution of approximately 2,700 Muslim prisoners outside Acre's walls.
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Richard defeats Saladin's forces at the battle of Arsuf, securing the Crusaders' position along the coast.
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On his way home, Richard is captured by Duke Leopold of Austria
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While Richard is held captive in Austria, John, aided by Phillip II of France, spreads rumours that Richard is dead and begins plotting to seize the throne.
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Richard makes a truce with Saladin, allowing Christian pilgrims to access Jerusalem
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Richard is transferred to Emperor Henry VI, who demands a huge ransom of 150,000 marks for his release.
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Richard returns to England to restore order and punish those who supported John's rebellion; he quickly secures his position before departing for France.
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Eleanor of Aquitaine raises funds through taxes and church wealth; Richard's ransom is paid and he is released from captivity.
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Richard begins building Chataeu Gaillard, a fortress in Normandy, to defend against French attacks.
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Richard dies from a crossbow wound at the siege of Chalus. John becomes King.
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John is crowned at Westminster Abbey
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John and Phillip sign the Treaty of Le Goulet, recognising John's control over certain French territories.
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John captures his nephew Arthur of Brittany at the Battle of Mirebeau, later accused of murdering him.
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Philip II of France takes control of Normandy, weakening John's position.
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John's fortress falls to Philip II, leading to the complete loss of Normandy
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John attempts to regain Normandy but is defeated by Phillip II and forced to retreat.
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John refuses to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury
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Pope Innocent III places England under interdict
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John is excommunicated by Pope Innocent III
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A group of barons plot to assassinate John but the conspiracy is uncovered and suppressed.
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John accepts Stephen Langton as Archbishop and surrenders England as a papal fief to lift the interdict.
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John's allies are defeated by Phillip II, further weakening John's power
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John rejects Magna Carta; civil war breaks out.
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John is forced to seal Magna Carta at Runnymede, limiting royal authority.
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French Prince Louis is invited by the barons to invade England
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John's baggage train, including royal treasure, is lost in the Marshes of The Wash during a retreat.
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John dies at Newark castle, likely from dysentery; his son Henry III becomes King at age 9.
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Henry III crowned King of England at Gloucester Cathedral, with William Marshal appointed as regent.