-
-
Connectivism, a learning theory for the digital age proposed by George Siemens and Stephen Downes, emphasizes the role of networks in learning; in addition, early MOOCs, like those by Stanford, leverage this theory.
As a result of these events, connectivism reshapes educational paradigms, highlighting digital connectivity in learning, and early MOOCs demonstrate the potential of large-scale, online learning platforms. -
-
This time period sees increased use of social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter in educational settings. This results in enhanced student engagement and learning through social interaction and content sharing.
-
-
In 2012, MOOCs gain significant attention with the launch of platforms like Coursera, edX, and Udacity. As a result, MOOCs revolutionize access to education, making high-quality courses available to millions worldwide and sparking discussions about the future of higher education.
-
-
In 2013, OpenStax and similar initiatives provide free, openly licensed textbooks to students. This reduces the cost of educational materials, promoting equity and access, and encouraging collaboration among educators.
-
-
-
In 2014, smartphones and tablets were widely adopted in education. This led to learning becoming more flexible and accessible anytime, anywhere.
Additionally, institutions begin to use data to improve student outcomes, analyzing student interactions with digital content. In turn, this enables data-driven decision-making in education, helping to personalize learning experiences and improve curriculum design. -
-
In 2015, digital badges and micro-credentials are used to recognize skills and achievements. These tools offered a flexible and granular way to validate learning achievements, supporting lifelong learning and skill development.
-
-
-
2016 saw increased use of game elements in learning and augmented reality (AR) apps in educational contexts. These technologies, as a result, enhanced student motivation and engagement through interactive and immersive learning experiences.
This time period also saw advances in AI, including intelligent tutoring systems and automated grading. AI enabled personalized learning environments, adaptive learning, and efficient educational processes. -
-
2017 saw the exploration of blockchain technology for secure, verifiable academic records. This technology promises potential secure management of academic credentials and recognition of learning across institutions and borders.
-
-
2018 saw an increased focus on data privacy, surveillance, and the ethical implications of AI. This led to the promotion of the development of ethical frameworks in educational technology, prioritizing learner privacy and trust.
-
-
In 2019, AR and VR technologies gain traction, offering immersive learning experiences. These technologies provide new ways to visualize and interact with educational content, making learning more engaging and experiential.
-
-
During 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced a rapid transition to remote learning. As a result, this accelerates the adoption of digital tools and highlights the need for equitable access to technology.
-
Boekweg, A., Call, H., Craw, D., Jennings, F., Irvine, J., & Kimmons, R. (2021). Educational Technology: A History of Research Trends from 1970 to 2020. In R. Kimmons & J. Irvine (Eds.), 50 Years of Education Research Trends. EdTech Books. https://edtechbooks.org/50_years/educational_technology.
Warschauer, M. (2018). Twenty Years of Edtech. EDUCAUSE Review, 53(4), 44-55. Retrieved from https://er.educause.edu/articles/2018/7/twenty-years-of-edtech.
