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Period: 1483 to 1546
Martin Luther
•Translated the bible from latin to vernacular language allowing people to be educated their own language.
•Advocated establishing schools to teach children how to read.
•Universal education
•Public support of education
•Teaching of reading
•Adult literacy -
Period: to
John Locke
•Said children are born as blank tablets, or tabula rasa
•Believed children experiences determine who they are. Experiences are the basis of all learning.
•Learning should begin early.
•Children learn what they are taught teachers literally make children.
•It is possible to rear children to think and act as society wants them to. -
Period: to
Johann Pestalozzi
•Advocated that education should follow the course of nature.
•Believed that all education is based on sensory impressions.
•Family-centered approaches to early childhood education.
•Home schooling
•Believed in the idea that experiences through drawing, writing,etc, the learning really occured. -
Period: to
Maria Montessori
•All knowledge comes intrinsically from sensory play
•Sensory-based materials that are self-correcting.
•Large number of public and private montessori schools that emphasize her approach,methods and materials.
•Teacher training programs to train montessori tracher. -
Period: to
Lev Vygotsk
•Communication between teachers and children can act as a means of scaffolding.
•Concept of zone of proximal development children can learn more with the help of a more competent person.
•Use of scaffolding techniques to help children learn.
•Use of cooperative learning and other forms of social learning. -
Period: to
Erik Erikson
Theory of psychological development - congnitive development occurs in conjunction with social development.
•How parents and teachers interact with and care for children helps determine their emotional and cognitive development.
•Play supports childrens social and cognitive development.
•The emotional plays as great a role as the cognitive in development.
•All children need predictable, consistant love, care and education. -
Period: to
Urie Bronfenbrenner
•Ecological systems theory views a developing within a system of relationships.
•Each system influences and is influenced by the other.
•Development is influenced by children and their environments.
•Parents and educators strive to provide positive influences in each system and minimize or eliminate negative influences.
•Teachers and parents recognize that children development depends on childrens nature and their environment. -
Period: to
Howard Gardner
•Intelligence consist of nine abilities.
•Intelligence is not a single broad ability, but rather a set of abilities
•Teachers develop programs and curricula to match childrens particular intelligence.
•Teachers individualize curricula and approaches to children intelligence.
•.More awareness and attention to multiple ways in which children learn and think.