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In the night between October 27 or 28, 1922, about 30,000 Fascist black shirts gathered in Rome to demand the resignation of liberal prime Minister Luigi Facta and the appointment of a new Fascist government. Fascist successful Mussolini formed a new government. -
Stalin served in the Russian Civil War before overseeing the Soviet Union's establishment in 1922. He assumed leadership over the country following Lenin's death in 1924. Under Stalin, socialism in one country became a central tenet of the party's ideology. -
Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. -
in 1928, Stalin launched his First Five-Year Plan to speed up the process of industrialisation in Soviet Union so that it could compete with output levels in developed capitalist economies. -
The Empire of Japan's Kwantung Army Manchuria on 18,September 1931, immediately following the Mukden Incident. Japan seeks raw materials to fuel its growing industries so they invaded Manchuria. -
The term Holodomor (death by hunger, in Ukrainian) refers to the starvation of millions of Ukrainians in 1932-1933 as a result of Soviet policies. The cause of Holodomor is the feeling threatened by Ukraine's strengthening cultural autonomy. -
On January 30,1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany by German President Paul von Hindenburg. -
The Night of the Long Knives was a purge in which Adolf Hitler and the regime of Nazi Germany targeted members of the Sturmabteilung (SA), the paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party, as well as past opponents of the Party. Its purpose was to represent a triumph for Hitler, and a turning point for the German government. -
The Nazi regime's Nuremberg Race Laws of September 1935 made Jews legally different from their own non-Jewish neighbors. -
Italo-Ethiopian War, an armed conflict that resulted in Ethiopia's subjection to Italian rule. It is seen as an example of the expansionist policy that characterized the Axis powers and the ineffectiveness of the League of Nations before the outbreak of the Second World War. -
The Spanish Civil War was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. -
The Great Purge was a purge in the Soviet Union from 1936 to 1938. Elimination of political opponents, consolidation of power. It was a large scale "repression" of the more wealthy peasants. -
The Anti-Comintern Pact was an agreement between Germany.Italy,and Japan,that they would work together to stop the spread of Communism around the globe. -
The Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking (capital of China at the time).The Japanese butchered an estimated 150,000 male "war prisoners," massacred an additional 50,000 male civilians, and raped at least 20,000 women and girls of all ages. -
From Novermber 9 to 10, 1938, in an incident known as "Kristallnacht", Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes,schools and businesses, and murdered close to 100 Jews.