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Ernest Rutherford formed a model of the atom in 1911.
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Leo Szilard conceived the possibility of self-sustaining nuclear fission reactions in 1933. The following year in 1934 Enrico Fermi unknowingly split neutrons within uranium while conducting his own experiment.
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Advisory Committee on Uranium was formed on October 21, 1939 and had their first meeting on that day as well.
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After receiving formal approval from President Roosevelt on December 28, 1942, the Manhattan Project developed into a massive undertaking that spread across the US.
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Using a steel tower hoisted and suspended a gadget 100 feet into the air, the test began at 5:29 am on July 16, 1945. The resulting blast equated to roughly 21 kilotons of TNT.
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On August 9, 1945, the US bombed Nagasaki.