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The origins of imperialism date back to ancient China and Western Asia; later on the practice spread to the middle East and Mediterranean nations during the 6th-4th centuries BCE.
Developed nations were taking over less developed areas, colonizing them, and influencing in order to expand power. -
Laissez-faire was the policy of minimum governmental interference in economic affairs of individuals and society. It is suggested that the term derived from Jean-Baptiste Colbert, controller general of finance under the King Louis XIV. The laissez-faire policy received strong support in classical economics as it developed in Great Britain.
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Consisted of part bosses, district captains who mobilized and organized support, and party loyalists who supported the machines with votes and financial support. They made sure that the poor had what they needed. Political machines were organizations that provided social services to the people in exchange for their votes.
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The Battle of Moscow took place in the Moscow Region in Russia. The Soviet union and Germany were the main forces involved. The Battle of Moscow was a turning point in WW2 because Hitler and his generals gambled everything on Germany ability to defeat The Russian force before the cold winter. Germans were greatly affected-they were defeated.
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One of the Greatest statesman of the 20th century. Born into a life of privilege, dedicated himself to public service. Churchill was idealist and a pragmatist; orator and soldier- advocate of progressive social reforms. He defended democracy but for many Winston was a hero.
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Families were driven out of the once fertile great plains by massive dust clouds that rose to 10,000 ft and reached as far as New York City. The Dust Bowl refers to the drought striken Southern Plains region from Texas to Nebraska, people and livestock were killed-crops failed across the region.
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Born on September 15, 1857. Secretary of War-easily defeated William Jennings Bryan. Candidate of the Progressive Party in 1912. William was the 27th president of the United States and served as chief justice of the Supreme Court.
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Became the youngest president at age 42 after the assassination of US president William Mckinley in 1901. Northern Securities Trusts- J.P Morgan cornered transportation market; Roosevelt used Sherman Anti-trust Act. He received the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating peace in the Russo-Japanese War in 1904.
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The Homestead Act signed in 1862 opened up settlement in Western United States. The Act allowed Americans, including freed slaves, to put claim for up to 160 acres of land.15,000 homestead claims had been established by the end of the Civil War.
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Gold and Silver in the West attracted people from everywhere around the World. Mining in the West Started building during the Civil War. Transcontinental Railroad cattle ranching was a new boom in the West.
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New technology advances, new management techniques, available investment; the industrial growth that began in the United States in the early 1800s continued steadily up to and through the American Civil war. After the Civil War, American Industry changed dramatically.
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Lies to the north of the Promontory Mountains and the Great Salt Lake. Where the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United states was officially completed on May 10, 1869. The Promontory Point made the Railroad travel possible for the first time in U.S history.
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Owned by John D. Rockefeller, formed in 1863. He built up the company through 1868 to become the largest oil refinery infirm. May 15, 1911 the Supreme court ordered the dissolution/break of the Standard Oil Company, saying it was in violation of the Sherman Anti-trust Act.
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The 1880s and 1890s were years of unprecedented technological, innovation, mass immigration, and intense political partisanship, including disputes over currency, tariffs, political corruption and patronage, and railroads-business trusts.
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The Panic of 1893 was a serious economic depression in the US. Collapse of railroad overbuilding and financing marked and set off a series of bank corruptions. The Depression lasted from 1873 to 1879.
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-Fought along ridges, steep bluff, and ravines of the Little Bighorn river. On June 25 to-26, 1876 in South Central Montana. The Battle lead by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.
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Joseph Stalin's forced industrialization of the Soviet Union caused the worst famine in history. He was the dictator of the Union Socialist Republics from 1929 to 1953. Under Salin's leadership, the Soviet was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military power. Ruled by terror and many citizens died.
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One of the largest and most important American labor organizations in the 1880s. Meant to protect its members from employer retalliations. Uriah Smith Stephens originally created the (KOL) in 1869, but when Thomas Powderly took leadership the union gained followers.
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John Rockefeller was an oil/ industrialist and philanthropist. He was the head of the Standard Oil Company- he used his fortune to fund ongoing philanthropic causes. By 1882 he had near-monopoly of the oil business in the US, but his business practices led to the passing of anti-trust laws.
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Was a federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882. One of the most significant restrictions on free immigration of in U.S History. The Act prohibited Chinese to come to the U.S-suspending their immigration.
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Known as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, stopped the appointment of people elected to appoint in governmental offices. Its purpose established positions within government to be awarded rather than political affiliation.
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The Merit System by the late 20th century almost replaced the Spoils System. the Spoils system was based on a policy of removing opponents from office and replacing them woih party loyalists. Also advocated by Andrew Jackson-rewarded loyal supporters.
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Well-known army scout and buffalo hunter Cody gained national prominence 15 years earlier thanks to a novel written by Edward Zane Carroll Judson. Judson made Cody a hero by the novel" The Scouts of the Plains." In 1883, Cody staged the outdoor extravaganza "Wild Wes.t" The result was "Buffalo Bill's Wild West," a circus-life pageant celebrating life in the West.
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Sears and Roebuck- The first Sears catalog was published in 1888. In 1892, Richard Sears and Alvah Roebuck founded the A.C Roebuck watch company.
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"Man of Steel," born on November 25, 1835, in Scotland. After moving to the US, he worked in a series of rail jobs. Also invented steel-by 1889 he owned the Carnegie Steel Corporation.
Andrew Carnegie also wanted to become a philanthropist, and believed in "Gospel of Wealth." -
Enacted by the US congress in 1890, was the first legislation. It committed the american government to opposing monopolies. Purpose-to protect trading and commerce against unlawful restraints.
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While gold symbolized the rich, silver symbolized workers. Democrats and populists-more money in circulation
This would end monopolies and depression, more silver than gold and both existed in the economy. -
The Progressive Era was a time period of widespread social activism and political reform across the U.S. from the 1890s to 1920s.
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The Massacre, located on the Pine Ridge Indian reservation, in Southwestern South Dakota. Was the site of two conflicts between North American Indians and The U.S. December 29, 1890 resulted in the deaths of about 300 sioux men, women and children. Was the last major battle of the Indian wars.
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A world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492.
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The 1896 presidential election of November 3rd, told the defeat of Democrat William Jennings while Republican William Mckinley won.
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The Plessy vs. Fergusson court case advanced the controversial "separate but equal" doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. -Challenged Jim Crow; the case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a bus/Jim Crow.
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The Rough riders played a main role in the outcome of the Spanish-American War. The name was given to the first U.S Cavalry under the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt was an assistant secretary of the Navy, but resigned to organize the "Rough Riders."
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On February 15 1898: Battleship U.S.S Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, killing 268 men and American populace. The incident preceded the Spanish American War in which a mysterious explosion sank the Maine. Blame went towards the Spanish Mines.
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As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States gained the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Cuba gained its independence, however, the U.S became an imperial power.
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Also known as the battle for the San Juan Heights, was a decisive battle of the Spanish American War. On July 1, 1898 U.S forces, including Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders defeated the outnumbered Spanish forces at San Juan Hill.
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Began on July 3, 1898, same day as the naval battle of the U.S. The U.S Navy defeated Spanish forces, sealing American victory in the Spanish-American War and achieving nominal independence for Cuba.
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Was an agreement made in 1898 involving Spain taking over nearly all remaining Spanish empire, especially Cuba, and ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S. The treaty ended the Spanish-American War.
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Justified European imperialism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; it is a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling. The supposed responsibility of white people to govern and impart their culture to nonwhite people.
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A U.S non-binding agreement in which made Chinese marketing open to everyone. Meant for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territory.The Chinese were upset with foreign domination.
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"Robber Barons"- powerful, wealthy, industrialists. Captains of industry who monopolized the railroads, tobacco industry, oil industry, steel industry and the financers who controlled the banks.
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U.S presidential election of 1900 was the 29th quadrennial election, held on November 6, 1900. Republican William Mckinley defeated democratic candidate, William Jennings Bryan.
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Refers to the U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy; "speak softly and carry a big stick". The Big Stick diplomacy is a policy of careful negotiation( speaking softly) the unspoken threat of a powerful military(big stick). Used in many foreign policy situations.
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A novel written in 1906 by the American writer Upton Sinclair. Told the struggling of immigrant families living in poverty and working conditions. Portrayed the hard conditions and exploited lives of immigrants. -Showed the reality of the food industry, rotten meat, severed fingers, rat feces.
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FMIA is an american law that made it a crime to misbrand meat, also signed by President Theodore Roosevelt. The FMIA was significant because it prohibited the sale of marketing meat goods that were unsanitary for the people. Government could condemn meat, while "The Jungle" made people call for a change.
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All the Paper Sons wanted to emigrate to America for a better life. The term was used to refer to Chinese and Japanese people. It was the only law in America History to deny citizenship or entry into the U.S.
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Prevented the manufacture, sale, and transportation of poisonous or unsanitary foods, drugs, medicines and liquors. Any company not regulating with the rules would be cut off-new rules for improved utilities.
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"Great White Fleet," a force of sixteen battleships with guns and painted sparkling white, steam out of Hampton Roads, Virginia. Its purpose was to showcase American Naval power.
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Revolutionized auto industry reduced costs; (Assembly Line Process)He standardized auto parts, improved machinery, produced more cars for less-passing savings onto consumers. Created Model T-1908-1927.
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States regulated womens' working hours-reproductive health.
one of the most significant cases of the Progressive Era. It uphelded an Oregon law limiting the workday for female wage earners to ten hours. The case established a precedent in 1908 to expand the reach of state activity into the realm of protective labor legislation. -
Was an American foreign policy to further aims in Latin America and East Asia through the use of economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. The policy was created by William Howard Taft -U.S president. (1909-1913)
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Roosevelt runs against as President-republicans nominate(William Howard Taft). The Progressive Party was created in 1912, as candidate, Roosevelt failed in obtaining presidential win. Woodrow Wilson won the election.
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The Bull Moose Party also known as the Progressive Party- called for major reforms including women's suffrage, social welfare assistance for women and children, farm relief, revisions in banking, health insurance and worker's compensation. After Roosevelt's defeat in the Election of 1912, the Bull Moose Party dissappeared.
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The 17th Amendment allowed voters, not state legislators to appoint senators to congress. Passed by Congress on May 13, 1912 and ratified April 18, 1913.
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Wilson wins presidency, cuts tariffs; is the 28th US president. He led America through World War 1. Born on December 28, 1856 to February 3, 1924. Served from 1913 to 1921- crafted the "Fourteen Points".
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Created by Woodrow Wilson who supported the 19th amendment, allowing women to vote. The Act held back funds in emergency times, it set loan rates and issues currency, private institution of banks, and public board of governors. Enacted December 23, 1913.
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Was an attack at the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel Company.Tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado on April 20, 1914.
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The two alliances during world war one were the Triple Entente made up of France, Britain and Russia. While the Triple Alliance contained the Germans, Astro-Hungarian Empire and Italy.-Central Powers
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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the start of World War 1. Killed by Bosnian revolutionary, Gavrilo Princip.
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Known as the First World War, the Great War, or the End of All Wars was also the beginning of many military and civilian technologies. Began in 1914, after the assassination of Archiduke Franz Ferdinand and lasted until 1918. World War one saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction, the Allied powers claimed victory.
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Time zones, were not established in the United States until the Act of March 19, 1918; also establishing daylight saving time in the nation. The expansion of transport and communication during the 19th century created a need for a unified time-keeping system-time zones were introduced.
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Only amendment to be repealed from the US Constitution once the 21st amendment was introduced. The 18th Amendment called for the banning of the manufacture, sale, drinking and transportation of alcohol.
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The 19th Amendment of 1920 provided men and women with equal voting rights. The amendment stated that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of Sex-gender."
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The Roaring 20s
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The (National Socialist German Workers Party). NAZI is the common English name for the period in German History from 1933 to 1945 when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party. Grew into a mass movement and ruled Germany through totalitarianism. Played a major role in WW2-the Holocaust.
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A proposed constitutional amendment in 1924, by congress prohibited child labor. However, states did not ratify the amendment. The fair labor standards act was passed in 1938.
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An American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisina from 1928 to 1932 and as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his death by assassination in 1935
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The Great Depression (1929-late 1930s) was a severe worldwide corruption, economic depression in the 1930s. The longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century.
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"The Theory of evolution"-this was Charles Darwin's scientific theories of evolution and natural selection to contemporary social development. In nature-only the finest survived, people as the rich vs. poor.
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the 20th amendment of the constitution limits term of office for the president and vice-president. The 20th amendment was based on the concept of maximizing efficiency. Ratified on January 23, 1933.
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The 21st amendment repelled the 18th amendment and was ratified on December the 5th, 1933. The 21st amendment prohibits the transportation and possession of liquors such as alcohol.
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February 23, 1934, Huey Long unveiled his "Share our Wealth" plan, a program designed to provide standard living to Americans y spreading wealth.
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The Second World War, a global war lasting from 1939 to 1945. One of the main causes of World War 2 was the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany and its invasion of other countries. The effects were the Cold War, occupation of territories and the widespread destruction in Western Europe.
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The Battle of Berlin was a successful attack on the German city by the Allied Forces in the Soviet Union from April 16-May 2, 1945. The battle resulted in the surrender of the German Army and the death of Adolf Hitler- by suicide. Victory for the Soviet Union and Allies. Around 81, 000 Soviets died.
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July 7, 1937, when the Marco Polo Bridge incident led to a prolonged war between Japan and China. World War 2 began when Germany invaded Poland in 1939. Officialy began in 1939 when Britain and France declared war on Germany.
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Also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Act was signed in Moscow on August 23, 1939 by the Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim Von Ribbentrop. Contained terms that divided up the independent countries p-Poland, the Baltic State and Finland.
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Was a battle between the Allies and Germany. Being part of the Battle of France in the Western Front, Dunkirk was meant as a defense and the evacuation of the Allied and British forces in Europe. May 26- June 1940
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The Siege of Lenningard (Lenningard Blockade) became an integral part of the unprecedented German War of extermination against populations of the Soviet Union. Lasted almost two and a half years and cost the lives of an estimated 1,000,000 city residents.
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The Infamy speech by U.S president Franklin D. Roosevelt in a session of Congress on December 8, 1941.
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On December 7, 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on American soil at Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor was a U.S naval base-the scene were more than 2,400 Americans died in attack, including civilians. The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked congress to declare war on Japan.
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People in the 20th century who used codes/different languages as secret communication during war. Now associated with U.S soldiers during World Wars-using their knowledge of Native American languages.
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The battle of Normandy, lasting from June 1944 to August 1944, resulted in Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany control. Also known as D-Day when British, American and Canadian forcs landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch.
Invasion was one of the largest military assaults in History. -
Was the Supreme commander of Allied Forces in Western Europe during World War 2. He led the massive invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building was built between 1871 and 1888 as the State, War, and Navy department building.
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A Genocide during World War 2, The Genocide of European Jews and many other groups by the Nazis. The Holocaust was the persecution and murder of six million Jews by general Adolf Hitler. The powerful regime "Nazis" believed that the German were racially superior and Jews inferior. They were seen as a threat. The Nazi policy to murder Jews was part of the "Final Solution"
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Little boy was the nickname of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima by the B-Superfortress Enola Gay. Dropped during World War 2, the bomb, piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr, commander of the 509th Group of the U.S Army Air Forces.
Little boy was given its codename by its shape: slim roughly cylindrical shaped. -
As its codename "Fat Man," it was an atomic bombed detonated over Japan city, Nagasaki by the United States August 9, 1945. Second of two nuclear weapons used in warfare. A plutonium-based implosion bomb nick-named Fat Man.
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Labor vs. industry- blacklists kicked union families out of company homes. -Hire substitute workers -industrialists used benefits- enticed workers through medical care, pensions and labor counteracts. Industrialists suppressed workers.
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