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Albert Sabin
Albert Bruce Sabin was a Polish American medical researcher, best known for developing the oral polio vaccine which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease. He further developed jonas salk's polio vaccine but he had an even better, oral vaccine for polio and used it to allow for the eradication of polio. In the end, both Albert Sabin and Jonas Salk could rightfully claim credit for one of humanity’s greatest accomplishments with eradication of polio in the 20th century. -
Barry Goldwater
In 1964, LBJ was opposed by this Republican Arizona senator who attacked the federal income tax, the Social Security
system, the Tennessee Valley Authority, civil rights legislation, the
nuclear test-ban treaty, and the Great Society. Born in Phoenix, Arizona, Barry Goldwater ran his family’s department store before embarking on a political career. He served in the senate for 30 years,gaining recognition for his fiscal conservatism. Goldwater lost the 1964 for the presidency to Lyndon B. Johnson -
Balkans Crisis
The Balkan Wars consisted of two issues that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of the four, Bulgaria, suffered defeat in the second war. The Second Balkan Crisis consisted of two Balkan Wars. In 1912 the Balkan countries were controlled by the Ottoman Empire. After the first Balkan Crisis, these nations had formed the Balkan league, the Balkan countries then fought against the Ottoman Empire for independence -
Dr. Jonas Salk
Salk was an American biologist and physician best known for the research and development of a killed-virus polio vaccine. Jonas Salk was the person who developed the polio vaccine. He became a world hero of sorts. This helped to save millions of lives and made a huge impact. This term is cultural because the life expectancy was then greatly extended. the scientific community despised him because he rushed vaccine trials, and he was relatively new criticized him for making "ineffective" vaccine -
Feminism
Feminism is the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes and the social movements organized around that belief. As time progressed the feminist movement continued and it was designed to consider gender as a way society organizes social relations, generally resulting in inequality between the sexes. One of the more well known was Mary Wollstonecraft who wrote the book Vindication of the Rights of Women written against the backdrop of the French Revolution and awareness -
Robert Johnson
Robert Leroy Johnson was an American blues singer-songwriter and musician. His landmark recordings in 1936, 1937 display a combination of singing, guitar skills, and songwriting talent that has influenced later generations of musicians. Johnson is now recognized as a master of the blues, particularly of the Mississippi Delta blues style. He is credited by many rock musicians as an important influence; the blues and rock musician has called Johnson "the most important blues singer that ever lived -
Dolores Huerta
Dolores Clara Fernandez was born on April 10, 1930 in Dawson, a small mining town in the mountains of northern New Mexico. Her father Juan Fernandez a farm worker and miner by trade, was a union activist who ran for political office and won a seat in the New Mexico legislature in 1938. Dolores spent most of her childhood and early adult life in Stockton, California where she and her two brothers moved with their mother, following her parents’ divorce. Dolores Huerta helped farmers and minorities -
Ike Turner
Ike Turner made a string of R&B hits with singer and wife Tina Turner. He struggled with drug addiction and died of an accidental cocaine overdose. Turner was born on November 5, 1931, in Clarksdale, Mississippi, and grew up playing the blues. In 1956, he met a teenager and singer named Anna Mae Bullock. He married her and helped create her stage persona, Tina Turner. The two became the Ike & Tina Turner Revue and created several R&B hits, including "I Idolize You," "It's Going to Work Out Fine" -
Little Richard
Little Richard is an African-American singer-songwriter and musician recognized as one of the first rock and roll stars, and a contender for the title of "Father" of rock. He's known for hits like "Tutti-Frutti,Long Tall Sally," and "Good Golly, Miss Molly." People knew Little Richard as a visually flamboyant singer & pianist, frentic performance style, shouted vocals & used vocables and falsettos, wild side of rock, had internal conflicts, 1957 quit show business, 1962 comeback tour in England -
G.I Bill
The G.I bill was created for returning WWII veterans, the G.I. Bill was created in 1944 and provided a range of benefits, including education, training, loans, unemployment compensation, and job counseling, for American soldiers. Overall the G.I bill allowed veterans to have lots of access to education for veterans,a demonstration of benefits of college education for veterans' children, and the incorporation of students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds into upper class dominated universities -
Hiroshima
a modern city on Japan’s Honshu Island, which was largely destroyed by an atomic bomb during World War II. Today, Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park commemorates the 1945 event. In the park are the ruins of Genbaku Dome, one of the few buildings that was left standing near ground zero. Other prominent sites include a formal Japanese garden, and Hiroshima Castle, a fortress. The U.S decided to drop the two bombs on Japan because Japan refused to surrender, causing the Pacific War to drag on. -
Iron Curtain
the iron curtain is a division of Europe through Germany which is divided into e and w Germany. it refers to the soviet grip on eastern Europe. Winston Churchill said "an iron curtain has descended across Europe" and the term iron curtain was created by him. the symbolic ending of the iron curtain is when the Berlin wall is torn down. as Ronald Reagan says "tear down that wall". This was overall used by Churchill to describe the East-West divide in Europe between communist and democratic nations -
Period: to
Cold War
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Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or ideology. Truman Doctrine committed the United States to a foreign policy based on strategy of containment. Truman hoped to stop the spread of communism, limiting the system to countries in which it already existed. Underlying his policy was the assumption that the Soviet Union sought world domination. The United States believed it had to fight this effort, with aid as needed and with force -
Al Gore
Al Gore was Clinton's vice-president and a candidate for the presidential election. His running caused on of the closest elections in history and a fiasco with the voting system. He had Served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. Ran for President in 2000 and won popular vote but lost Electoral College. He lost a presidential bid to George W. Bush in 2000. In 2007, Gore won a Nobel Prize for his work to raise awareness of global warming -
Fair Deal
The Fair Deal was an ambitious set of proposals put forward by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to Congress in his January 1949 State of the Union address. More generally the term characterizes the entire domestic agenda of the Truman administration, from 1945 to 1953. His Fair Deal recommended that all Americans have health insurance, that the minimum wage (the lowest amount of money per hour that someone can be paid) be increased, and that, by law, all Americans be guaranteed equal rights. -
2nd Red Scare
The 2nd Red Scare refers to the fear of communism that was in American politics, culture, and society from the late 1940s through the 1950s, during the opening phases of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. As the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States intensified in the late 1940s and early 1950s, hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. became known as the Red Scare Communists were often referred to as “Reds” for their allegiance to the red Soviet flag -
Beat Generation
The Beat Generation was a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post-World War II era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized throughout the 1950s. In American in the 1950s, a new cultural and literary movement staked its claim on the nation’s consciousness. The Generation was never a large movement in terms of sheer numbers, but in influence and cultural status they were more visible than any other -
Period: to
1950's
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Sandra Day o' Connor
The first woman to be in the Supreme Court. Appointed by Ronald Regan, O'Connor was an Associate Justice. A moderate conservative, she was known for her dispassionate and meticulously researched opinions. Sandra Day O’Connor was a pioneering force on the Supreme Court and will always be remembered as acting as a sturdy guiding hand in the court’s decisions during those years and serving a swing vote in many important cases. In 2009 her accomplishments were acknowledged by President Obama -
Korean War (Forgotten War)
The Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the first military action of the Cold War. By July, American troops had entered the war on South Korea’s behalf. As far as American officials were concerned, it was a war against the forces of international communism itself. -
Hydrogen Bomb
Ordered by Truman, the first H-bomb was exploded in 1952. The Soviets exploded their first H-bomb in 1953, and the nuclear arms race entered a dangerously competitive cycle. To stay one step ahead, Truman ordered the development of the H-bomb. The Soviets exploded their first H-bomb in 1953, and the nuclear arms race entered a competitive cycle. The policy of if you bomb us, we'll bomb you, and we die kept the new superpowers from using their nuclear weapons, but it created a scary environment -
Bill Haley and the Comets
An American rock and roll band, founded in 1952 and continued until Haley's death in 1981. The band was known as Bill Haley and the Comets. From late 1954 to late 1956, the group placed nine singles in the Top 20, one of those a number one and three more in the Top Ten. Although several members of the Comets became famous, Bill Haley remained the star. With his spit curl and the band's matching plaid dinner jackets and energetic stage behavior, many fans consider them to be revolutionary -
Polio Vaccine
To begin with, Jonas Salk discovered his own polio vaccine before albert sabin who created the first polio vaccine that could be taken orally. In 1954, Salk discovered his vaccine and was able to be the first man to take credit for almost completely eradicated polio. Albert Sabin was also able to take credit afterwards when he created the polio vaccine that was first able to be taken orally (by mouth). Both researchers were able to discover their own vaccines and took credit in the development. -
Period: to
Civil Rights
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Sonia Sotomayor
Nominated by President Barack Obama on May 26, Sonia Sotomayor became the first Latina Supreme Court Justice in U.S. history. Sonia Sotomayor was born on June 25, 1954, in the Bronx borough of New York City. Her desire to be a judge was first inspired by the TV show Perry Mason. She graduated from Yale Law School and passed the bar in 1980. She became a District Court Judge in 1992 and was elevated to the U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals in 1998. She was confirmed as the first Latina judge -
Space Race
A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union. With the launch of the Russian satellite Sputnik the American people began viewing the Sputnik launch as an American loss which sparked a new fervor in American space Technologies. America also experienced a 'loss' putting a human in space, that was also taken by the Russians. America was however the first nation to land a person on a celestial body other that earth. The battle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. -
Chicano Movement
This was the equivalent of the Civil rights movement for Mexican Americans. This movement included student demonstrations to press for bilingual education, the hiring of more Chicano teachers, and the creation of Chicano studies programs. By the 1970s, dozens of such programs were offered at universities throughout the region. also called the Chicano civil rights movement or El Movimiento, was a civil rights movement extending the Mexican-American civil rights movement of the 1960s -
Stagflation
The U.S. suffered from inflation and unemployment. Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth A period of slow economic growth and high unemployment while prices rise Nixon attempted to solve the problem by implementing his Economic Policy imposed temporary price intended to stop inflation removed the US from the gold standard, which had enabled the dollar to float in international currency markets -
Period: to
1960s
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OPEC
OPEC stands for Organization of Petrolium Exporting Countries. This organization controls Middle Eastern natural resources. Members are Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Indonesia, U.A.E, Nigeria, Equador, Angola, Algeria. The main purpose of this organization was to control certain countries whilst supporting petroleum exports and taking oil from the selected countries. OPEC was started in the month of september around the 1970 and 1960's decades. OPEC is still in use today -
New Frontier
President Kennedy's nickname for his domestic policy agenda. Buoyed by youthful optimism, the program included proposals for the Peace Corps and efforts to improve education and health care. JFK's program for change in which he issued a challenge to the American people, calling upon them to make sacrifices to achieve their potential greatness; included medical assistance for the elderly, increased education spending, exploration, initiatives such as the peace corps, a commitment to civil rights. -
Peace Corps
President John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps as a new agency within the Department of State. The same day, he sent a message to Congress asking for permanent funding for the agency, which would send trained American men and women to foreign nations to assist in development efforts. The Peace Corps captured the imagination of the U.S. public, and during the week after its creation thousands of letters poured into Washington from young Americans hoping to volunteer. -
Anti-War Movement
An anti-war movement (also antiwar) is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts.Though the first American protests against U.S. intervention in Vietnam took place in 1963, the antiwar movement did not begin in earnest until nearly two years later, with President LBJ -
Birmingham March
MLK moves the new center of protest to Birmingham. Black protests work this time: police attack protesters. Unexpectedly, black residents of Birmingham fight back against police and defend the activists. The violence prompts RFK and the justice dept to negotiate w/ city officials and the SCLC. SCLC agrees to end the protests, but only if more blacks are hired and the city enforces desegregation. Segregationists protest the agreement violently, forcing JFK to send fed troops to restore order -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald was a former U.S Marine who was accused of killing President John F. Kennedy. While in police custody, Oswald was murdered by Jack Ruby. Lee Harvey Oswald eventually joined the U.S. Marines and later defected to the Soviet Union for a period of time. He returned with a family, and eventually acquired firearms. Oswald allegedly assassinated President John. F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. While being taken to county jail, on November 24, 1963, Oswald was killed -
Warren Commission
Commission made by LBJ after killing of John F. Kennedy Point is to investigate if someone paid for the assassination of Kennedy Conclusion is that Oswald killed Kennedy on his own. Commissioner is Chief Justice Warren. This was overall the President's Commission on the assassination of President Kennedy, established by President Lyndon b. Johnson, on November 29th to investigate the assassination of US President John F Kennedy Many began to believe that there was no larger conspiracy involved -
Daisy Girl Ad
Daisy, sometimes known as Daisy Girl or Peace, Little Girl," was a controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign. Though it is a famous ad, Daisy Girl, as the ad is known, only ran once. Secondly, it didn’t even mention Goldwater’s name. And finally, by the time the ad ran, Goldwater’s chances against LBJ were slim, even though the ad is often falsely credited with assuring the win -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. Passed under the Johnson administration, this act outlawed segregation in public areas and granted the federal government power to fight black disfranchisement. The act also created the Equal Employment to prevent discrimination in the work place -
Selma March
The Selma march was organized by Martin Luther King. Tens of thousands of black protesters petition for the right to vote outside of the city hall and are ignored. They then marched to the gov'na's mansion in Montgomery. Police meet them with tear gas and clubs. "Bloody Sunday" is highly publicized and Americans in the North are shocked. Troopers, police, and marchers confronted each other on the bridge- King led the marchers back to Selma's Brown Chapel African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed into law by President Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks; as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives. -
Jack Ruby
Jack Ruby murdered Lee Harvey Oswald before Oswald could stand trial for the assassination of President John F Kennedy. Jack Leon Ruby was the Dallas nightclub owner who shot Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963 while Oswald was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President JFK and the murder of Dallas policeman. He was also involved in several other side ventures, such as selling sewing machine attachments, acting as a talent manager, and selling discount costume jewelry -
Death of MLK
Martin Luther King Jr., an American clergyman and civil rights leader, was shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. On April 3, 1968, on his way to Memphis, Tennessee, Martin Luther King’s plane was delayed by a bomb threat. But that evening, having duly arrived in Memphis, King delivered what would be his last speech, known as the “I’ve been to the mountaintop” speech, from within the Mason Temple, headquarters of the Pentecostal ‘Church of God in Christ’. -
Stonewall Riots
A disturbance that grew out of a police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a popular hang-out for gays in Manhattan's Greenwich Village. Such raids long had been routine, but this one provoked a riot as the crowd fought back. TStonewall riots also referred to as Stonewall uprising or the Stonewall rebellion were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village -
Apollo 11
They were the first people to walk on the Moon and got home safely. Three astronauts landed on the Moon. Neil Armstrong was the mission commander, Micheal Collins was the command module pilot, and Edwin Buzz Aldrin Jr. was lunar module pilot. The 2 astronauts were on the moon for 2 hours and 21min. On the moon they did experiments and collected moon rocks. They brought back 108 kg of moon rocks. Six more Apollo missions followed and a total of 12 people have walked on the moon. Overall the first -
Period: to
1970s
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Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA and it began operation on December 2, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the President and approved by Congress. The current Administrator is Scott Pruitt. -
Nikita Khrushchev
He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. He was responsible for the DE-Stalinization of the USSR, as well as several liberal reforms ranging from agriculture to foreign policy. Overall he was a secretary in 1953, three years later he became premier. His rise ended collective leadership, but he never commanded the extraordinary powers of Stalin. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex; it seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters. Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and 1922. -
Title IX
No person in the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participating in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Title IX is a U.S law prohibiting gender discrimination in schools that receive federal funds through grants, scholarships, or other support for students. Provision of the Education Amendments that prohibited gender discrimination and opened sports and other arenas to women -
Roe vs Wade
Roe vs Wade was a high school dropout, McCorvey, unsuccessfully sought an abortion in TX. TX prohibited abortions unless necessary to save a woman's life McCorvey carried her child and gave it up for adoption but the lawyer who arranged for the adoption also introduced McCorvey to two University Texas Law School graduates, both female-the three women decided to challenge the constitutionality of TXs law and McCorvey became Jane Roe in a test case against Henry Wade, a criminal district attorney -
Heritage Foundation
Conservative ideas; The Heritage Foundation, a public policy that promotes the principles that made America great: free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense. This heritage foundation overall issued policy proposals and attacked liberal legislation and the permissive culture they claimed it had spawned; Conservative think-tank ideological interest group. The group mostly considered conservative ideas towards the public eye -
Endangered Species Act
Passes in 1973; allowed listing of US vertebrates as endangered and provided limited means for the protection of such species. However, no protection on private or state-owned lands. it's mission is to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend may be conserved, and to provide a program for the conservation and recovery of such endangered and threatened species. Its scope expanded to include invertebrates and plants and non-federal lands. -
Earl Warren
Earl Warren was the chairman of the Warren commission, which was formed to investigate the assassination of JFK, one of the most influential supreme court justices. He was a United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court. He led the Supreme Court with an activist direction (Brown case) which pushed further the boundaries of civil rights in the U.S.A controversial Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Then he led the Court in far-reaching racially and socially -
FEC
In Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission (FEC), the U.S Supreme Court ruled in 2010 that political spending is a form of free speech that’s protected under the First Amendment. Thecontroversial 5-4 decision effectively opened the door forcorporations and unions to spend unlimited amounts of money to support their chosen political candidates, provided they were technically independent of the campaigns themselves. In one of its key provisions, Section 203, the BCRA prevented corporations -
VHS
The creation of The VHS tape was on september 9th in 1976. With the improvement of technology over time in the 1970/1980 decades, The VHS tape was another way to entertain people and society. This increased the demand for actors and overall movie makers to increase sales in VHS tapes. Since most houses had TV's, the creation of VHS tapes were extremely significant to the regular societies entertainment. WIth the creation of these tapes, sales increased and allowed people to enjoy from their home -
Jimmy Carter
President, previously governor of Georgia, who stressed human rights; who created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education; criticized for his return of the Panama Canal Zone; weakened presidency due to Iran hostage crisis, energy crisis, and inflation. Created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He was criticized for his return of the Panama Canal Zone, and because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR -
Elvis Presley
Elvis began his singing career with the legendary Sun Records label in Memphis. In late 1955, his recording contract was sold to RCA Victor. By 1956, he was an international sensation. With a sound and style that uniquely combined his diverse musical influences and blurred and challenged the social and racial barriers of the time, he ushered in a whole new era of American music and culture. Elvis’ musical influences were the pop and country music of the time, the gospel music he heard in church. -
BET
BEt was founded by Robert L. Johnson who became the first black billionaire. Black Entertainment Television (BET, part of BET Networks) is an American, Viacom-owned cable network based in Atlanta, Georgia. Currently viewed in more than 90 million homes worldwide, it is the most prominent television network targeting young African American audiences. Since founded by JOhnson in 1979, views have increased and the channel has become an iconic network for target african american audiences. -
AIDS crisis
The virus appeared in America in the early The Reagan administration was slow to respond to the epidemic since effects of the virus were not understood. AIDS is a virus that attacks the body's cells which are necessary to help the immune system fight off infection and disease. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome occurs after the HIV virus has destroyed the body's immune system. HIV is transferred when body fluids, as blood or semen, which carry the virus, enter the body of an uninfected person. -
Period: to
1980s
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Ronald Reagan
He was the former actor and governor of California was elected president. In office he reduced social spending cut taxes, and increased defense spending. He was criticized for cutting important programs, such as housing and school lunches and increasing the federal deficit. By 1983, prosperity had returned to America and Reagan's economic reforms appeared to be working, but in October the stock market crashed. Some blamed the federal debt, which had tripled in size since Reagan had taken office -
Strategic Defensive Initative
The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), also known as Star Wars, was a program first initiated in 1983 under President Ronald Reagan. The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries, specifically the Soviet Union. With the tension of the Cold War looming overhead, the Strategic Defense Initiative was the United States’ response to possible nuclear attacks from afar. This overall prevented attacks -
Reagan Doctrine
The Reagan Doctrine was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Reagan Administration to overwhelm the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War Oppose the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War; U.S. provided overt and covert aid to anti-communist guerrillas and resistance movements in an effort to Soviet-backed communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America opening the door for capitalism -
Challenger Explosion
The mission of the space shuttle Challenger ended in tragic disaster. We remember the seven astronauts who lost their lives that day, including Christa McAuliffe, who was chosen by NASA to pioneer its Teacher in Space program. The astronauts' deaths were due to the loss of Challenger, which was caused by a tank explosion the space shuttle broke apart because gases in the external fuel tank mixed, exploded, and tore the space shuttle apart. The external fuel tank exploded after a rocket booster -
Fall of Berlin Wall
The end of the Warsaw Pact, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Eastern Europe, NATO continued to exist but expanded to include many members of the Warsaw Pact, USA and Soviet Union agreed to reduce nuclear warheads by about a third. East Germany ceased to exist, The Soviet Union withdrew its troops from what was East Germany, British, French and US troops remained in Western Germany. As soon as democratic elections were announced in Hungary there was a mass movement of East German citizens. -
Period: to
1990s
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Rodney King
Rodney Glen King was born April 2, 1965 and is an American best known for his involvement in a police brutality case involving the Los Angeles Police Department on March 3, 1991. A bystander, George Holliday, videotaped much of the incident from a distance. The footage showed LAPD officers repeatedly striking King with their batons while other officers stood by watching, without taking any action to stop the beating. A portion of this footage was aired by news agencies around the world. -
Sam Moore Walton
Sam Walton was an American businessman best known for founding the retail chain WalMart, which grew to be the world’s largest corporation. Sam Walton was born on March 29 in Oklahoma. Walton opened the first Walmart in 1962, after years in the retail management business. The discount chain expanded internationally over the next years, growing into the world’s largest company by 2010. Walton stepped down as CEO in 1988, at the age of 70, but remained active in the company until his death in 1992. -
Election of 1992
In this election of 1992, democrats overall chose Bill Clinton (despite accusations of womanizing, drug use, and draft evasion) and Albert Gore Jr. as his running mate. Republicans chose Bush for another election and J. Danforth Quayle as his running mate. Third candidate Ross Perot added color to the election by getting 19.7 million votes in the election (no electoral votes though), but Clinton won, 370 to 168 in the Electoral College. Democrats also got control of both the House and the Senate -
World Trade Center Attack
The First World trade center attack occurred on February 26 in 1993. During this attack, terrorists drove a truck bomb underneath it and detonated it. The parking garage was gutted, but the buildings stood up until the two planes hit it in 2001. The explosion created a hole 200 feet by 100 feet, several stories deep. It caused the station ceiling to collapse. The bomb was in a Ryder truck parked in a parking garage beneath the World Trade Center.
An estimated 50,000 people were evacuated. -
Richard Nixon
Elected President in 1972 representing the Republican party. He was responsible for getting the United States out of the Vietnam War by using "Vietnamization", which was the withdrawal of troops from South Vietnam for an extended period. He was responsible for the Nixon Doctrine. Was the first President to ever resign, due to the Watergate scandal. America needed new leadership State of Union poor, unemployment rate low, racial inequality, recurring ghetto riots, Vietnam, anti-war protests. -
Cesar Chavez
Chavez founded a group that advocates for the rights of farm workers, acting to increase wages and improve the working conditions and safety of farm workers. He also organized strikes (when workers refuse to work until improved working conditions and salary demands are met) and nation-wide boycotts of agricultural products in order to help workers (a boycott is a protest in which the public is asked not to buy certain products). He was overall the leading voice for farmers and minorities in this -
NAFTA
NAFTA is a trade agreement between North America that reduce tariffs, eliminate trade barriers create a common market and increase trade/investment. The North American Free Trade Agreement, which eliminated most tariffs on trade between Mexico, Canada and the United States, went into effect on Jan 1, 1994. NAFTA's purpose is to encourage economic activity between North America's three major economic powers. NAFTA stands for North American Free Trade Agreement and is still in use today since 1994 -
Dont Ask Dont Tell Policy
This is a common term for the policy about homosexuality in the U.S. military mandated by federal law. he policy prohibits anyone who "demonstrates a propensity or intent to engage in homosexual acts" from serving in the armed forces of the United States because it "would create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and the essence of military capability." The act prohibits any homosexual or bisexual person from disclosing his or her sexual orientation -
Warren E. Burger
Chief Justice from 1969 to 1986, he was responsible for bringing the Court somewhat back to the right after the Earl Warren years. He presided over major cases involving abortion, affirmative action, the death penalty, and school desegregation. Conservative Supreme Court chief justice who succeeded Warren He refrained from engaging in social and political questions; his court was reluctant to dismantle the liberal rulings of the Warren Court and even produced the controversial Roe v. Wade ruling -
Hector P. Garcia
a mexican american physician, ww2 veteran, and founder of the American g.i. forum. he helped create equality for mexican by helping mexican veterans file claims with the veteran administration. he purposely chose the name "American G.I. Forum" in order to emphasize the fact the members were american citizens and where entitled to their constitutional rights. Hector P Garcia was one of the leading voices in the minorities and farmers in this era who fought to create equality for all people -
DOMA
Doma stands for The Defense of Marriage acts. The Defense of Marriage Act is a law that, among other things, prohibited married same-sex couples from collecting federal benefits. It was overruled on June 26, 2015 by the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges. DOMA was signed into law and defines marriage as an act as "only legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife. The law also allows states not to recognize same-sex marriages performed legally in other states. -
Bush vs.Gore
In Bush v. Gore (2000), a divided Supreme Court ruled that the state of Florida's court-ordered manual recount of vote ballots in the 2000 presidential election was unconstitutional. The case proved to be the climax of the contentious presidential race between Vice President Al Gore and Texas Governor George W. Bush. The outcome of the election hinged on Florida, where Governor Bush led Vice President Gore by about 1,800 votes the morning after Election Day. Because the returns were so close. -
Period: to
Contemporary
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Election of 2000
The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Republican candidate George W. Bush, then-governor of Texas and son of former president George H. W. Bush. came down to electoral college votes and specifically the vote in Florida; because of the controversy over a recount in Florida, Gore sued to have a manual recount; was the 1st time the Supreme Court got involved in electoral college decision; decided the votes should stand as counted and Bush got the votes for the state -
9/11
The United States was attacked by members of the group Al Qaeda. Four planes were hijacked and used as weapons. Two planes crashed into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. One plane crashed into the Pentagon outside of Washington, D.C. and the last plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. This order was handed down by Osama Bin Laden (usually orders such as these are delivered by an Islamic religious leader). In it, Bin Laden expressed his hatred of America. -
Patriot Act
The USA PATRIOT Act is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26 With its abbreviation expanded, the full title is Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. The Patriot Act is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism.USA Patriot Act was passed by Congress as a response to terrorist attacks. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. States are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school. No Child Left Behind spends more money on education than ever before. Schools with low income families are given Title I funds to use toward improvement. NCLB spends more than a billion dollars a year on Reading First -
2nd Iraq War
Iraq War, also called Second Persian Gulf War, conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases. The first of these was a brief fought war in March in which a combined force of troops from the United States and Great Britain invaded Iraq and rapidly defeated Iraqi military and paramilitary forces. It was followed by a longer second phase in which a U.S occupation of Iraq was opposed by an insurgency. After violence began to decline in 2007, the United States gradually reduced its military presence. -
Election of 2008
Hillary Clinton + Barack Obama fought for the Democratic nomination; John McCain as the Republican; Obama ran a grassroots campaign that engaged young voters and the black community; the failing economy was the centerpiece of the election Outgoing Republican President George W. Bush's policies and actions and the American public's desire for change were key issues throughout the campaign During the election campaign, the major party candidates ran on a platform of change and reform in Washington -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was the government's attempt to help economy recover from the financial crisis and recession of 2008, enabling government to borrow an additional $787 billion so it could increase government spending and cut taxes by that amount. those who opposed it were focusing on expected long-run effects of government borrowing (the impact we'd begin to observe after several years had passed). they were generally focused on the short-run effects of gov spending. -
Affordable Care Act
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, often shortened to the Affordable Care Act or nicknamed Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. This was overall a law consisting of two pieces of legislation that are collectively referred to as "Healthcare Reform" or "Obamacare". Created on MArch 23 in 2010, it's unpredictable if it'll still be use in present time due to a new lead.
