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Homestead Act
This law was passed in May of 1862. The Homestead act opened up settlement in the Western region of the United States. This allowed any american or freed slave up to claim for 160 acres of free federal land. Soon after the end of the Civil war, thousands and thousands of homes were established and claimed. Eventually many would have this opportunity to be approved. -
Indian Appropriation Acts
The Indian Appropriations Act launched a new era in Federal-tribal relations by ending the practice of forming treaties with tribes as sovereign nations. Native Americans protested the policy change. These treaties, which took much time and effort to finalize, ceased with the passage of the 1871 Indian Appropriation Act, declaring that “no Indian nation or tribe” would be recognized “as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty. -
Red River War
This war took place in Oklahoma, Texas. There was conflict on the southern plains between the U.S army and the native tribes over land. The southern plain tribes were upset over illegal white settlement & buffalo devastation. The U.S army thought it would be smart to invade illegally, so really that triggered the war between them. The tribes fought back in defense of their homelands but unfortunately were crushed in 1875 by the U.S army. The natives lost and were completely wiped out. -
Killing of the buffalo
These animals were being shot and killed by white Americans that were hired for their hides and also for "sport". By 1875, over 9 million were killed. The natives were drastically affected because they used these animals for their main food source. They used their hides for shelter and homes. They also conserved their bones to use them as tools. By the number of buffalo decreasing rapidly, the natives had no supplies for anything to survive. This caused a battle between natives & whites. -
Grange movement
The Patrons of Husbandry, was founded in 1867 to advance methods of agriculture, also to promote the social and economic needs of farmers in the U.S The financial crisis of 1873, with falling crop prices and increases in railroad fees to ship crops. Both at the state and national level, Grangers gave their support to reform minded groups such as the Greenback Party, the Populist Party, and, eventually, the Progressives. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The 1882 exclusion act also placed new requirements on Chinese who had already entered the country. If they left the U.S , they had to obtain certifications to re-enter. Congress refused State and Federal courts the right to grant citizenship to Chinese resident aliens, although these courts could still deport them. When the exclusion act expired in 1892, Congress extended it for 10 years in added restrictions by requiring each Chinese resident to register and obtain a certificate of residence. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody opened Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show on May 19, 1883 at Omaha, Nebraska. The idea had been around for a long time. The earliest event to Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show may actually have been staged in France in the middle of the sixteenth century when fifty Brazilian Indians were brought to Rouen to populate a replica of their village. Many people around the world came to watch this event as entertainment. Over the years the show modernized and became more popular. -
Haymarket Riot
Haymarket Square riot, was an outbreak of violence in Chicago in 1886. The demand for an eight-hour working day became increasingly widespread among American laborers in the 1880's. A demonstration, largely staged by a small group of anarchists, caused a crowd of some 1,500 people to gather at Haymarket Square. The knights of labor were blamed for the incident. As a result, at least eight people died due to violence. Despite a lack of proof against them, 8 radical labor activists were convicted. -
Ghost Dances
A ghost dance was a group dance of the late nineteenth century american Indian cult that was believed to advance or promote the return of the dead. Also to restore the old traditional ways of native lives. This dance originated within the Paiute Indians in the age 1877 but didn't make a movement up until 1890. The religion predicted the peaceful end of the westward expansion of whites and a return of the land to the Native Americans. (assimilation). This was often practiced by the Sioux Indians. -
Klondike Gold Rush
The Klondike gold rush was in areas such as the Yukon Region, Klondike region in Canada, and Alaska. The estimated amount of prospectors that set out on their way to find gold was about 100,000. Only 30,000 arrived at Klondike. This event is also known as the last great gold rush. Gold was discovered in many deposits along the Klondike River, although it did take a while to reach the outside world for people to find because of harsh weather conditions. Many quit their jobs to become gold diggers -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is the practice of misapplying the biological evolutionary language of Charles Darwin to politics, the economy, and society. Ideas of Social Darwinism changed many aspects of the American society in the Gilded Age, including policies that affected immigration, imperialism, and public health. They believed that government should not interfere in the “survival of the fittest” by helping the poor, and promoted the idea that some races are biologically superior to others. -
Laissez Faire
In the 18th century, French economists became upset with taxes and subsidies that were being imposed on their businesses. They believed that governments should leave the individual businesses alone, except when social liberties were infringed upon. In the 19th century, it became known in the U.S. It wasn't long after this that the 'free market' approach started to display problems, such as large gaps in distribution of wealth, poor treatment of workers, and lack of safety in the workplace. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
A trust was an arrangement by which stockholders in many companies transferred their shares to a set of trustees. In return, the stockholders received a certificate showing them to a specified share of the earnings of the jointly managed companies. The Sherman Act authorized the Government to establish proceedings against trusts in order remove it. Any combination “in the form of trust or otherwise that was in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states/ foreign nations” was illegal. -
Knights of labor
The KOL was the first important national labor organization in the U.S, found in 1869 by Uriah Stevens. It originated as a secret organization in order to protect its members from other employers. The goal for this particular group was to combat the tough situation for workers, unions of the Gilded Age pursued two hefty strategies. This group was gradually successful but Terence Powderly ended the group's secrecy upon assuming control of the organization in 1879. -
Tenements
Typical housing arrangements were big buildings with numerous amounts of rooms for large families to live together. These large buildings were called tenements. More and more people, such as immigrants, began moving into the city looking for a better life than what was left behind. Cities became extremely populated and tenements were over crowded. These immigrants lived in very intolerable conditions. -
Nativism
Nativism, in general, refers to a policy or belief that protects or favors the interest of the native population of a country over the interests of immigrants. In the United States, greatest nativist sentiment coincided with the great waves of 19th-century European immigration on the East Coast and, to a lesser extent, with the arrival of Chinese immigrants on the West Coast. -
Spoils System
The spoils system was an event/ act also known as the "patronage" system. The spoils system involves political activity by public employees in support of their party and the employees’ removal from office if their party loses the election. A change in party control of government necessarily brings new officials to high positions carrying political responsibility, but the spoils system extends personnel turnover down to routine or subordinate governmental positions. -
Civil Service Exam
Civil service exams were examinations implemented in various countries for recruitment and admission to the civil service. They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system. Although there were imperial exams as early as the Han dynasty, the system became widely utilized as the major path to office only in the mid-Tang dynasty, and remained so until its abolition in 1905 . -
Farmer's Alliance
The Farmers' Alliance was an organized agrarian economic movement among American farmers. ... The Northern or Northwestern Alliance sought to protect farmers from industrial monopolies and promote regulations on commerce and tax reform. Branches of the farmers' movement formed the Ocala Demands in 1890. -
Phonograph
The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison. Edison was trying to improve the telegraph transmitter when he noticed that the movement of the paper tape through the machine produced a noise resembling spoken words when played at a high speed. The device recorded and produced sound. The phonograph functioned by working on a central membrane that was coated in foil. A stylus would move on this membrane corresponding to the sounds entering the mouth piece with produced cylindrical discs. -
Exodusters
The Exodusters is a label for freed African Americans who came from the states near the Mississippi River after the Civil War and migrated to Kansas during the Reconstruction era. They fled the Southern U.S to get away from the racial oppression such as the KKK, Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws, and liked Kansas because that state was always a free state. Their name is the "Exodusters" because the Exodus, the book of the bib;e that tells about how the Jews were escaping from slavery in Egypt. -
Teddy Roosevelt
At eighteen he entered Harvard College and spent four years there, dividing his time between books and sport and excelling at both. After leaving Harvard he studied in Germany for almost a year and then immediately entered politics. He was elected to the Assembly of New York State, holding office for three years and distinguishing himself as an ardent reformer. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was part of an industry and was the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of mass production. Furthermore, he was an auto mobile manufacturer who created the Ford car and went on to develop the assembly line mode of production. Although automobiles had already existed, they were still mostly scarce and expensive. As a result, Ford sold millions of cars and became a world-famous company head. He also became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. -
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of Russia and Japan in Korea. It resulted in a victory by Japan, by establishing Japan as a major world power. Popular discontent in Russia following the defeat led to the Russian Revolution. Unhappiness among Japanese over the lack of territorial gains led to a better relationship towards the United States. As a result, the Russian Empire and Nicholas II lost, along with two of their three naval fleets. -
Gentlemen's Agreement
The Gentlemen's Agreement was made by the effort of President Theodore Roosevelt and was an agreement between the United States and Japan in grew tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. In addition, the Gentlemen's Agreement was never written into a law passed by Congress, but was an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. It was nullified by the Immigration Act of 1924, which legally banned all Asians from migrating to the United States. -
17th Amendment
The 17th amendment established that senators would be directly elected. It was an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1913, providing for the election of two U.S. senators from each state by popular vote and for a term of six years. Furthermore, the 17th Amendment was part of a wave of progressive constitutional reforms. It also gave Americans the right to vote directly for their Senators, therefore strengthening the relationship between citizens and the federal government. -
Election of 1912
The election of 1912 was a four-way contest. During the election, Wookdrow Wislon made many speeches during his presidential campaign. The speeches promised important reforms for greater economic opportunity for all too. Furthermore, some Republicans were unhappy with William Howard Taft, split with the Republican Party and created the Progressive Party. In addition, president Theodore Roosevelt ran as the Progressive Party candidate, but was unsuccessful since he lost the election. -
Noble Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by Alfred Nobel. The first award went to Henry Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross in 1901. Theodore Roosevelt won it in 1906 as president. -
The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
A terrorist organization called the Black Hand, made plans to assassinate Archduke while on an official trip to Bosnia from Austria Hungary. A once failed attempt, turned into a member of the Black Hand, Gavrilo Princip, finding the opportunity to murder Ferdinand and his wife, they died by fatal gunshot wounds. This mans death is why WWI began. -
Spanish flu death toll
One of the deadliest pandemics in history that affected approximately 500 million people worldwide. It killed an estimated 20-50 million people, 675,000 being Americans. More people died from the flu than WWI itself. It was first observed in Europe, the United States and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around the world. At the time, there were no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this killer flu strain. -
WWI costs
About 186 billion in direct costs and another $151 billion in indirect costs. It cost the United States approximately 32 billion, which was 52% of gross national product at the time. Allied Powers put together about 126 billion, and the Axis powers about 61 billion. -
Treaty of Versailles
This treaty officially ended WWI and was signed by France, Italy, Britain and the U.S on the 5 anniversary of Archduke Ferdinand's assassination. The terms of the treaty crippled Germany's economy and made them take full responsibility of the war. This outraged Germans and will later lead to WWII. -
Silent moves/ films
In early modern theater, films had no synchronized sound. In silent films , the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards with a written indication of the plot or key dialogue. The vast majority of the silent films produced in the late 19th and early 20th century no longer exist, 70% of American silent feature films are believed to be lost. -
Louis Armstrong (Jazz musician)
Considered to be one of the most influential jazz artists in history, Armstrong was a trumpeter, bandleader, singer, soloist, film star and comedian. He is known for songs like "Star Dust," "La Vie En Rose" and "What a Wonderful World." His career spanned from the 1920's to the 1960's. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
Also called the Oil Reserve Scandal, it was a scandal surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert Bacon Fall. Fall was the first individual to be convicted of a crime committed while a presidential cabinet member. -
Angel island
The Angel Island is an island in the San Francisco Bay, which is the main immigration processing station, mostly for the Chinese. Between the years of1910 and 1940, 50 thousand Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. The island had lots of questioning and, the conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York because Angel Island was more of a prison, that held people for up to several years for interrogation, while most went through Ellis Island in a few hours. -
mustard gas
Also known as sulfur mustard, the gas was the poisonous gases created by Fritz Haber, a Professor at the University of Karlsruhe. During a mustard gas attack, the effects are very gradually, and after a few days or hours, there will be red spots on your skin that will quickly turn into painful blisters and cause second or third-degree burns. If you inhaled the mustard gas, then you would get swelling in your nose and throat as the blisters developed, sealing your airway. Was used in WWI. -
American- Indian citizenship act
On this day, the Congress has granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States. The main reason for the whites to finally grant citizenship to Native Americans is because they wanted to absorb the Indians into white culture (also known as assimilation). Before the Citizenship Acts, getting Natives to have citizenship was almost impossible. Despite the Native Americans being able to become citizens in the United States, the Native Americans were still able to vote. -
The dust bowl
This event, also known as the DIrty Thirties, was referred to the drought in Southern Plains region of the United States after a severe dust storm formed in the 1930s. The dust and high winds spread from Texas to Nebraska, and people and livestock died, and crops failed to grow everywhere. With the Dust Bowl taking place during the Great Depression, the economic depression intensifies and it made many farming families to migrate somewhere else for better living conditions and to find work. -
Election of 1932
In this election, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Democratic) ran against the Herbert Hoover (Republican). The election happened as the effects of the 1929 Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression. President Herbert Hoover's popularity was falling as voters felt he was unable to reverse the economic collapse or deal with prohibition. In the end, Frankin D. Roosevelt won 472 electoral votes and 22,821,857 popular votes. White Hoover lost with 59 electoral votes and 15,761,841 popular votes. -
Glass Steagall Act
It separated commercial and investment banking into four sections, preventing commercial Federal Reserve member banks from: dealing in non-governmental securities for customers,
investing in non-investment grade securities for themselves,
underwriting or distributing non-governmental securities, and
affiliating (or sharing employees) with companies involved in such activities. -
Wilson's 14 points
A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The speech made by Wilson took many domestic progressive ideas and translated them into foreign policy (free trade, open agreements, democracy and self-determination). Europeans generally welcomed Wilson's points, but his main Allied colleagues were skeptical of the applicability of Wilsonian idealism. -
Battle of Argonne Forest
A major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. The Meuse-Argonne Offensive was the largest in United States military history, involving 1.2 million American soldiers. It was one of a series of Allied attacks known as the Hundred Days Offensive, which brought the war to an end. The battle cost 28,000 German lives, 26,277 American lives and an unknown number of French lives. -
Al Capone
An American mobster, crime boss, and businessman who attained notoriety during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit. His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33. Capone expanded the bootlegging business through increasingly violent means, but his mutually profitable relationships with mayor William Hale Thompson and the city's police meant he seemed safe from law enforcement. -
The bonus march
The name for an assemblage of some 43,000 marchers—17,000 U.S. World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups—who gathered in Washington, D.C. to demand cash-payment redemption of their service certificates. Organizers called the demonstrators the "Bonus Expeditionary Force", to echo the name of World War I's American Expeditionary Forces, while the media referred to them as the "Bonus Army" or "Bonus Marchers". The contingent was led by Walter W. Waters, a former sergeant. -
Adolf Hitler
A German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Hitler was born in Austria—then part of Austria-Hungary—and was raised near Linz. He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I. -
FIAT currency
A currency without intrinsic value established as money, often by government regulation. It has an assigned value only because the government uses its power to enforce the value of a fiat currency or because the exchanging parties agree to its value. It was introduced as an alternative to commodity money and representative money. Since the change of the US dollar to gold, a system of national fiat currencies has been used globally, with freely floating exchange rates between national currencies. -
Allied Powers
The countries that together opposed the Axis powers during WW2. The Allies promoted the alliance as seeking to stop German, Japanese and Italian aggression. The Allies consisted of France, USSR and the United Kingdom. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The alliance was formalised by the Declaration by United Nations. -
Poland invasion
A joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement that terminated the Soviet and Japanese hostilities in the east on 16 September. -
Axis powers
The nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity. The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis. -
Holocaust
A genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and "incurably sick". -
D-Day
The landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard. -
Nazi party
A far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party. The Nazi Party emerged from the German nationalist, racist and populist Freikorps paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post-World War I Germany. The party was created as a means to draw workers away from communism and into völkisch nationalism. -
General George Marshall
During World War II, Marshall as Army Chief of Staff, was the most important military figure in the U.S. military establishment and of great significance in maintaining the Anglo-American coalition. After the war, he was named special ambassador to China, Secretary of State, ect. Our nation cannot be overstated. He was the organizer of victory and the architect of peace during and following World War II. He won the war, and he won the peace. His characteristics of honesty, integrity. -
Joseph Stalin
He was born into poverty, but soon became the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. Once in power, he collectivized farming and had potential enemies executed or sent to forced labor camps. Stalin aligned with the United States and Britain in World War 2. -
P-51 mustang
A veteran of World War II and the Korean War, North American Aviation’s P-51 Mustang was the first U.S. built fighter airplane to push its nose over Europe after the fall of France. Mustangs met and conquered every German plane from the early Junkers to the sleek, twin-jet Messerschmitt 262s.The Mustang was the first single-engine plane based in Britain to penetrate Germany, first to reach Berlin, first to go with the heavy bombers over the Ploiesti oil fields. -
Bessemer Process
The growth of railroads during the 19th century in both Europe and America put great pressure on the iron industry, which still struggled with inefficient production processes. Steel was still unproven as a structural metal and production was slow and costly. Soon enough after, the Bessemer process was invented to speed up the system. It was a very successful invention and made millions of dollars. Although, it did have its down sides to it. The gas/ chemicals that were released were dangerous. -
Philanthropy
Philanthropy, which generally refers to an affection for mankind, is manifested in donations of money, property, or work to needy person or to socially useful purposes. During the industrial revolution people like, Andrew Carnegie, was a philanthropist because of how successful and wealthy he was. He donated money to those in need basically as good deed and for good karma. -
Kodak Camera
The first camera to take pictures was invented by George Eastman. He called it, the Kodak camera. The Kodak camera was a successful box camera for roll film. A slogan was created for this product, "you press the button---- and we do the rest". The camera itself was very self explanatory, and so was the slogan... It took up to 100 exposure films, that appeared in circular images. It was sold roughly for about $25 , with a leather carrying case. -
Child Labor
During the Industrial Revolution poor children often worked full time jobs in order to help support their families. Children as young as four years old worked long hours in factories under dangerous conditions. The practice of child labor continued throughout much of the Industrial Revolution until laws were eventually passed that made child labor illegal. These children were used as an "advantage" to get into small, tight spaces the adults couldn't seem to get into. In some cases, kids died. -
Vertical Integration
Vertical integration can be contrasted to horizontal integration, the merging together of businesses that are at the same stage of production, such as two supermarkets, or two food manufacturers. Merging with something further back in the process. The benefits of vertical integration come from the greater capacity it gives organisations to control access to inputs. Some of the best known examples of vertical integration have been in the oil industry. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams was the second woman to receive the Peace Prize. She founded the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1919, and worked for many years to get the great powers to disarm and conclude peace agreements. During World War I, she chaired a women's conference for peace held in the Hague in the Netherlands, and tried in vain to get President Woodrow Wilson of the USA to mediate peace between the warring countries. -
World's Colombian Exposition
The world's Colombian exposition was an event that consisted of hosting a fair to celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus voyage to the America's. Chicago was chosen in part because it was a railroad centre and in part because it offered a guarantee of $10 million. The city decided to build more buildings and really make the are more urban like. The Columbian Exposition’s gross outlays amounted to $28,340,700, of which $18,678,000 was spent on grounds and buildings -
Bicycle Craze
The craze hit all ages. It led to a change in women’s styles, for example, skirts became shorter and it started the movement toward decent roads. It was the great leveler, too, demonstrating as never before the American principle that every man is as good as any other and maybe better. -
Depression/ Panic of 1893
The Panic of 1893 was a serious economic depression in the United States that began in that year. This panic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures. Many of the western silver mines closed and a large number were never re-opened. A significant number of western mountain small railroads, which had been built to work the mines, also went out of business. Many people abandoned their homes and came west. -
The Wizard of Oz
Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published in 1900) as an allegory or metaphor for the political, economic, and social events of America in the 1890s. Populist Movement, in U.S. history, politically oriented coalition of agrarian reformers in the Middle West and South that advocated a wide range of economic and political legislation in the late 19th century. -
Western Dime Novels
After the Civil War, Americans created and bought millions of short paperbacks, costing only 10 cents depicting paint-daubed Indians and quick-triggered gunmen and scenarios from the "Wild West" and other American tales. One of the most famous dime novels is called the "Buffalo Bill Cody", the novel that popularized Wild West shows, it consisted of a former Pony Express rider and Indian fighter (mostly popular towards children). This romanticized the West and the life of the cowboy. -
Cowboys
Most cowboys were young and are hard-working men in need of quick cash. The years of cowboys only lasted twenty years between 1880 to 1900. This time period was the years before railroads were established in the West there was no efficient way of getting large herds of cattle to the East and the market demand for beef. By 1900 the arrival of farmers, the establishment of barbed wire fencing, and the increasing number of railroads made the use of cowboys unnecessary and physically impossible. -
Ludlow Massacre
It was an attack by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel & Iron Company camp guards on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado. About two dozen people, including miners' wives and children, were killed. The chief owner of the mine, John D. Rockefeller, was criticized for the incident. -
Black power movement
A political movement meant to achieve a form of Black Power in the United States. In the 20's the Great Migration (blacks leaving the South to go North) sparked a cultural phenomenon called the Black Renaissance in Harlem. A major part of the movement was the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, formed to protect black individuals from police brutality and white supremacist -
Big Stick Policy
The policy was created by Theodore Roosevelt who thought it was unnecessary to use force on foreign policy goal. He proposed a new foreign policy approach, that is based on the African quote, "speak softly, and carry a big stick, and you will go far.” The "big stick" in the quite symbolizes the power and readiness to use military force if necessary. Which was a way to intimidate other countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy. -
Volstead act
Also known as the National Prohibition Act, this law established under the Prohibition Bureau within the Treasury Department. The act was under-budgeted and largely ineffective, especially in strongly anti-prohibition states. The Volstead Act asked that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." It was said to forbid liquor and was implemented by the 18th amendment. -
21st amendment
Repealed the 18th Amendment which was the banning of alcohol. Prohibition was a complete failure in the U.S and led to violence and the rise of organized crime. This amendment was a way to give the people back what they wanted and ended the ban on selling and transporting alcohol, as well as being intoxicated. -
Exchange Act
This act was created to provide governance of security transactions on the secondary market and regulate the exchanges and broker-dealers to protect the investing public. It's purpose was to restore investor confidence in our capital markets by providing investors and markets with promises of honest dealings. -
Wagner Act
Guaranteed basic rights of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining for better terms and conditions at work, and take collective action including strike if necessary. The act also created the National Labor Relations Board, which conducts trade unions. Does not apply to workers who are covered by the Railway Labor Act (agricultural or domestic employees, supervisors, federal, state or local government workers, independent contractors, etc. -
Operation Sea-lion
Germany;s code name for the plan for an invasion of the United Kingdom during the Battle of Britain in WWII. The operation was never carried out because German naval forces were never able to achieve superiority over English forces. The Royal British Navy was too great. -
Harry Truman
Came into office as the 33rd President of the U.S upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of WWII. Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to contain communism and led the United States into the Korean War. He was reelected in 1848 and served two terms. -
The atomic bomb!!!
Powerful weapon that use nuclear reactions as their source of explosive energy developed during WWII. On this year (1945) on August 6th, an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japanese. It wiped out 90% of the city population (80,000 immediately, the rest form radiation exposure) -
Muller vs. Oregon
A landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. Women were provided by state mandate, lesser work-hours than allotted to men. The posed question was whether women's liberty to negotiate a contract with an employer should be equal to a man's. The test was not under the equal protections clause, but a test based on the general police powers of the state to protect the welfare of women when it infringed on her fundamental right to negotiate contracts. -
Woodrow Wilson
An American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. He also led the United States during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy known as "Wilsonianism." He was one the three key leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he championed a new League of Nations. -
Harlem Renaissance
An intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. The Movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas by those affected by the African-American Great Migration. The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts. -
First red scare
A period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events; real events included those such as the Russian Revolution and anarchist bombings. At its height concerns over the alleged spread of communism and anarchism in the American labor movement fueled a general sense of concern if not paranoia. -
Maginot Line
A line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg, the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. -
National socialist-German workers
This grew into a mass movement and ruled Germany through totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945. Founded in 1919 as the German Workers’ Party, the group promoted German pride and anti-Semitism, and expressed dissatisfaction with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I. Hitler soon emerged as a charismatic public speaker and began speeches blaming Jews and Marxists for the problems, After Germany’s defeat in World War II, the Nazi Party was outlawed. -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt was a self made multi-millionaire who became one of the most wealthiest man alive because of his inventions. Due to past hard working experience with his father as a kid. Later in life as an adult, he went into a business of his own and became one of the largest steamship operators. In the 1860s, his focus was the railroad industry, where he built another empire and helped make railroad transportation more efficient. When Vanderbilt died, he was worth more than $100 million. -
Morill Land College Grant
This was a law passes by Congress to transfer substantial public acreage to the state governments, and sell the land to use those funds to finance public education. (Led to many land-grant institutions). Became a major boost to higher education in America. This act was first created by a congressman from Vermont names Justin Smith Morrill, he wanted to make sure that education is available to all social classes such as the agricultural, home economics and/or mechanical education. -
Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment was passed as part of the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It demanded seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish American War. An eighth condition came into place that Cuba signed a treaty accepting seven conditions.The Platt Amendment outlined the role of the U.S. in Cuba and the Caribbean too. It also permitted the US to lease or buy lands for the purpose of the establishing naval bases and stations in Cuba -
Valentine's day massacre
During the streets of Chicago in the late 1920s, gang warfare ruled the streets. A chief gangster, Al Capone, was looking forward to controlling by eliminating his enemies that were in the prostitution, gambling and bootlegging. On February 14, 1929 in the garage on the city’s North Side, seven men who were involved with the Irish gangster George “Bugs” Moran (One of Capone's rivals), were shot to death by men who were dressed up as policemen, and this became the Valentine's Day Massacre. -
The Lost Generation
The generation that came of age during World War I. Demographers William Strauss and Neil Howe outlined their Strauss–Howe generational theory using 1883–1900 as birth years for this generation. This means that they were the main generation at the time that made up most of the adults. They were “lost” because after the war many of them were disillusioned with the world in general and unwilling to move into a settled life. -
Eleanor Roosevelt (the cousin....)
An American politician, diplomat and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States the "First Lady of the World" in tribute to her human rights achievements. Roosevelt was a controversial First Lady at the time for her outspokenness, particularly her stance on racial issues. She was the first lady to hold regular press conferences, write a daily newspaper column, write a monthly magazine column, host a weekly radio show, and speak at a national party convention. -
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Transforming the west
Ranching and mining, and agricultural growth all began to boost the West's economy, drawing in settlers. Especially with many discoveries of minerals like gold so far out West and the Homestead Act. Government played a significant role in the expansion of farming, along with railroads, and technology. The achievement of westward expansion is tempered by the treatment of Native Americans and the exploitation of the land -
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The Gilded Age
Pendleton Act, Hull House, Sherman Silver Act, Slums, Depression of 1893, World Columbian Exposition, City Beautiful Movement, Pullman Strike, Election of 1896, The Wizard of Oz. -
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Progressive Era
This era began as a social movement and grew into a something more political. It covered social reform issues relating to female suffrage, education, working conditions, unionization, the problems of urbanization, industrialization and child labor. -
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WWI
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Schlieffen Plan, RMS Lusitania, Sussex Pledge, Zimmerman Telegram, No Man's Land, Espionage Act, 14 Points, Argonne Forest, Treaty of Versallies
Period: Oct 28, 1919 to Aug 7, 1930 -
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Roaring 20's
Volstead Act, Harlem Renaissance, The Lost Generation, Margaret Sanger, Tea Pot Dome Scandal, Immigration of 1924 Act, Scopes Monkey Trial, Charles Lindbergh, St. Valentines Day Massacre, The Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith -
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The Great Depression
OUT OF ALL OF THE FRICKING panic/depressions.... This depression lasted from 1929 to 1939, and was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. -
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Becoming an industrial power
Sherman Anti-Trust Act., Light Bulb, Phonograph, Andrew Carnegie, Bessemer Process, Vertical Integration, John D. Rockefeller, Social Darwinism, American Federation of Labor, Sears & Roebuck Company -
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Imperialism
American imperialism dates back to the early-1800s when Americans began moving West and claiming lands that had been occupied by Native Americans. For this time period, though U.S Imperialism came as we acquired Hawaii, the policing of Latin America, and power through trading with China.
