Dance History

  • Paleolithic
    10,000 BCE

    Paleolithic

    According to History.com, The paleolithic age, or Old Stone Age, was where humans were first able to evolve with hunting, cooking and art. Art was created using bone, clay animal blood and a number of other materials. https://www.history.com/news/prehistoric-ages-timeline
  • Neolithic
    2300 BCE

    Neolithic

    The Neolithic or, New Stone Age. According to WorldHistory.org, this was the age were humans began to evolve with new skills of agriculture, such as cultivation and animal domestication. However, different regions learned these skills at different times. https://www.worldhistory.org/Neolithic/
  • Indigenous Dance
    500 BCE

    Indigenous Dance

    Linked with the worldview of the society of which it is produced. As an art form, it molds ideas, thoughts, images and feelings into movement that is personally and socially significant. Within Indigenous Dance, there are two main categories, social and religious dance.
  • 500 BCE

    Religious Dance

    Dances for healing, black magic, purification and self-
    sacrifice to a deity.
  • 500 BCE

    Sympathetic Magic

    Primitive magical ritual that used magical objects or actions resembling or symbolizing the event or person over which the influence was sought.
  • 500 BCE

    Shaman/Medicine Man

    Person regarded as having access to and influence on the world of evil and good spirits. People would often enter a trance state during the ritual and practice divination and healing.
  • 500 BCE

    Trance Dance

    Naturally and safely moves one into a trance state of consciousness, where it becomes possible to enter the mysterious, hidden world of spirit, to discover visions, guidance, wisdom healing, empowerment, beauty and magic.
  • 500 BCE

    Immutability of Ritual

    Any error in the performance of a prescribed ritual, formula or pattern would nullify its potency. Such error could be punishable by death.
  • Animal Dance
    500 BCE

    Animal Dance

    Often a tribal dance with stylized movements to represent or imitate a certain kind of animal.
  • 500 BCE

    Agricultural Dance

    Is performed with the purpose of gaining a bountiful and prosperous harvest. Often done by agrarian cultures.
  • War Dance
    500 BCE

    War Dance

    A dance performed in preparation or victory of battle.
  • Period: 500 BCE to 1500 BCE

    Middle Ages

    A dynamic period during which the idea of Europe as a distinct cultural unit emerged. Europe became gradually Christianized and ideal. Along with the rule of Christianity, most countries would be ruled by monarchy.
  • Greeks
    300 BCE

    Greeks

    According to WorldHistory.org, the earliest record of dance is dated back to the 2nd millennium. The golden age of Greece dates from 500 BCE to 300 BCE. Dance, poetry and education were part of
    daily life. Dance was used in religious rituals and festivals.
  • Dionysus
    300 BCE

    Dionysus

    A god in Roman and Greek mythology. Is known to have a dual nature of bringing joy and ecstasy to blinded, uncontrollable rage. Associated with pleasure, drunkenness, fertility, madness and lewdness. Dionysian dances were characterized by passion, panic and desire.
  • 300 BCE

    Satyr Plays

    Ancient form of tragic comedy. Featured choruses and satyrs and were based on Greek mythology and were rife with drunkenness, brazen sexuality pranks, gags, and merriment. Were originally loosely improvised.
  • 300 BCE

    Terpsichore

    One of the nine Muses. Muse of the dance and chorus.
  • Apollo
    300 BCE

    Apollo

    A god in Roman and Greek mythology. Is often associated with, music, art, prophecy, healing and poetry. Apollonian dances incorporated, slower, cult dances performed during religious festivals and for martial and social dances during communal events and funeral practices.
  • Romans
    180 BCE

    Romans

    The Golden Age for Rome was from around 27 BCE to 180 BCE. It is sometimes referred to as Pax Romana, or Roman Peace. Slaves were performers to the upper classes and were loosely choreographed or improvised. Dance and theater were often considered the same. Most of the dances were about religious rites and if choreographed, were set by a priest or religious leaders.
  • 180 BCE

    Roman Circus

    Where slaves (gladiators) fought each other to death. This could be hand to hand combat, chariot racing, sea battles etc. They also may be fighting animals-sometimes up to 5,000 animals were killed in one single battle.
  • 180 BCE

    Scabellum

    Instruments that accompanied pantomime. Loud, percussive instruments operated with the foot.
  • 180 BCE

    Sistra

    Instruments that accompanied pantomime. These included castanets, panpipes, cymbals, etc.
  • Pantomime
    55 BCE

    Pantomime

    Due to the Roman Empire was huge and composed of many cultures, many people did not speak the same languages. Thus, created pantomime. Pantomime had one performer that wore a mask with the mouth closed. Robes were used instead of
    changing costumes for the different roles played. Pantomime performances drew from both Greek and Roman mythological stories. Pantomimes started out performing the beauty of nobility, but soon deconstructed to violent, lewd and sexual themes.
  • Proscenium
    55 BCE

    Proscenium

    A structure in front of the stage that frames the action of the play. It can be square or arched, and the stage curtain is generally direct behind it.
  • 55 BCE

    Mime

    Were similar to circus performers with animals, juggling etc. They
    performed at festivals, in the streets, at dinner parties and on formal stages.
  • 55 BCE

    Archimime

    Was a dancer who wore the deceased’s clothing
    and death mask and performed pantomime
    parts of the deceased’s life.
  • Pyrrhic Dance
    55 BCE

    Pyrrhic Dance

    Best known war dance of the Greeks and Romans. It was first practiced solely as training for war. This was an armed dance.
  • 1400

    Basse Dance

    Originated in 14th century, Italy. Was a type of court dance. Consisted of slow gliding steps and couples holding hands and a series of small bows.
  • 1400

    Danse Macabre

    This concept was prevalent during the Middle Ages. many different forms of art besides dance came with the acknowledgment of death and the end of one's life cycle. Dances with this concept consisted of dancing in a grim setting like a graveyard and commonly have someone dress in a dark cloak.
  • 1500

    Galliard

    Was more of an athletic court dance that consisted of leaps and hops. Derived from 15h century Italy.
  • 1500

    African Dance

    Refers mainly to the Sub-Saharan African dances. Used to teach social patterns and values. They are done as celebrations at festivals and funerals, to compete within the community, recite history, proverbs and poetry, and used to encounter gods.
  • 1500

    African Diaspora

    The movement of black Africans and their descendants throughout the world by slave trade. This resulted in the spreading of African culture and inspiration.
  • 1501

    Allemande

    A court dance where the participants formed a line, extended their paired hands forward, and paraded back and forth the length of the ballroom, walking three steps then balancing on one foot. The more livelier, the more hops would be incorporated.
  • 1508

    Pavane

    A court dance that was performed on the state of occasions. Was a social dance that came from Italy. Consisted of two single steps and one double step moving forward and backward.
  • Catherine de Medici
    Apr 13, 1519

    Catherine de Medici

    A part of the wealthy Medici family, who had a deep love for the arts. When she married into the French Royal family, she introduced her love for the arts from Italy.
  • Balthazar de Beaujoyeulx
    1535

    Balthazar de Beaujoyeulx

    Italian composer and choreographer. Directed Ballet Comique de la Reine, which is regarded as the first ballet ever recorded.
  • 1581

    Ballet Comique de la Reine

    Known as the first ballet which was performed for one of Catherine's de Medici's friends wedding celebration. Based on the Circe fable from Homer's Odyssey. was performed from 10pm to approximately 3 am.
  • Courante

    A court dance that was more prominent in the late 16ht century and was more associated by the higher classes of society. The staple of the dance was the fashion and setting.
  • Sarabande

    Was a court dance that was popular to be accompanied with Baroque music. Possibly originated in Spain.
  • Minstrelsy

    Defined as an American entertainment form that consisted of comic skits, variety acts, dancing and music. Unfortunately known as the 1st distinctly American theatrical form. Mostly known for its characters that made fun of impersonating black people.
  • Cardinal Mazarin

    Cardinal Mazarin

    According to Brittanica.com, he died 9th March, 1661 and was the first minister of France that helped established France supremacy over the European powers and was essentially Louis XIV's ight hand man in making sure that he has tight reign over all of France.
  • Jean-Baptiste de Lully

    Jean-Baptiste de Lully

    Was a French composer who joined the court violin ensemble for Louis XIV and later become composer of dance music for the king.
  • Pierre Beauchamp

    Pierre Beauchamp

    Was a French ballet dancer and teacher. Most notable for emphasizing the concepts of the five positions we use for ballet now. Devised a system of dance notion and became director of the Académie Royale de Danse.
  • King Louis XIV

    King Louis XIV

    Was the King of France, reigning from 1643 to 1715. In regard to dance, he held extravagant shows that showed him in ultimate positions of power, reaffirming his position as the absolute ruler. He loved to dance and took his extravagant shows as an opportunity to perform. His main role he performed as was the "Sun King." Created, Academie Royal de Danse. Shortly after its demise, Academie d’Opera was establicshed in 1669 which later merged with the Paris Opera Ballet.
  • Ballet de la Nuit

    Ballet de la Nuit

    According to oxfordreference.com, this was a court ballet that lasted twelve hours, starting at sunrise to sunset. The story was based upon mythology and featured roles, such as the Sun, which King Louis XIV himself played and thus got his nickname as the "Sun King."
  • Mile de Lafontaine

    According to Oxfordreference.com, Lafontaine is regarded as the first professional female dancer making her debut in the Paris Opera in 1681.
  • Academie Royale de Musique (Paris Opera Ballet)

    Was established with the help of King Louis XIV. was first called the Acadamie Royale de Musique in 1669 but was later given the name Paris Opera Ballet in 1671. During the 17th and 18th centuries, productions were often derived from Jean-Baptiste Lully and Jean-Philippe Rameau.
  • Baroque

    The common artistic style of the 17th and early 18th centuries.
  • Marie de Camargo

    Marie de Camargo

    French ballerina of the Paris Opera. Was a very accomplished dancer who used that success to set fashion trends in shoes for dance.
  • Jean George Noverre

    Jean George Noverre

    French ballet dancer and choreographer who developed major refoems of ballet production and utilized ballet d'action.
  • Period: to

    Heyday of Romantic Ballet

    The Romantic Ballet era was apart of the Romanticism Movement that was popular in the late 18th Century. The ideas of the Romanticism Movement integrated into ballet during this time by dances expressing themes of fantasy, whimsy and high emotion. The peak of the Romantic period was in 1845 with the premiere of Pas de Quatre.
  • Marie Taglioni

    Marie Taglioni

    An Italian dancer during the Romantic era of ballet. Was trained by her father, Filippo Taglioni. She made her debut in Vienna in 1822 in her father's ballet, "La Sylphide." According to Britannica.com, she was one of the first female dancers to dance on the points of her toes.
  • August Bournonville

    August Bournonville

    Danish dancer and choreographer. Created the Bournonville Method which focuses on grace, the appearance of effortlessness and harmony between the body and the music.
  • Fanny Elssler

    Fanny Elssler

    Was an Austrian ballerina who introduced character dance in ballet. As a child, she studied under Jean-Pierre Aumer. She is most recognized for her technique and point work.
  • Jules Perrot

    Jules Perrot

    According to Britannica.com, he was a French dancer and choreographer during the Romantic Ballet Era.
  • Fanny Cerrito

    Fanny Cerrito

    Was an Italian dancer who started her training at the San Carlo opera house and made her first stage appearance in 1832. Later on Jules Perrot began creating pieces for her in which in same cases, she would choreograph some of the dancing.
  • Marius Petipa

    Marius Petipa

    Was a French-Russian dancer and choreographer who created and restaged over 60 ballets during the Classical Ballet Era. Among all of his famous works, he also created the Big Three, The Nutcracker, San Lake, and Sleeping Beauty.
  • Carlotta Grisi

    Carlotta Grisi

    An Italian dancer of the Romantic era who was a muse to Jules Perrot. She originated the role of Giselle when she was hired by the Paris Opera Ballet.
  • Lucile Grahn

    Lucile Grahn

    A Danish ballerina and choreographer. Trained at the Royal Danish Theatre School in Copenhagen, where her teacher was August Bournoville. She appeared in the 2nd version of La Sylphide. and was the first Danish ballerina to attain international renown according to britannica.com.
  • Cult of the Ballerina

    A phrase that characterizes what is akin to the hero worship of women in ballet during this time.
  • Giselle

    First premiered at the Paris Opera featuring Carlotta Grisi and Lucien Petipa. In act 1, a peasant girl named Giselle, falls in love with a duke who dresses in disguise just to meet her. She finds out that he is not who he says he is and is actually betrothed to another. Upon hearing this news, she dies a premature death due to heartbreak. in act 2, Giselle becomes a Wili. The Wilis target men and force them to dance to their deaths. In the end she saves the duke.
  • Pas de Quatre

    Was danced only four times and consisted of four of the most famous ballerinas of the Romantic age.
  • Period: to

    The Golden Age of Russian Ballet

    During this time Russia became the place where ballet flourish as the hype for ballet dies down in Western Europe. Earlier in 1738, the first ballet school in Russia, the Imperial Ballet School, was established.
  • Enrico Cecchetti

    Enrico Cecchetti

    Was and Italian dancer and teacher who developed a technique that was praised for his pirouettes.
  • Loie Fuller

    Loie Fuller

    Was an American dancer and a pioneer for Modern dance. She is well known not for her dancing specifically but rather for her innovations that are now considered essential in dance performances such as lighting. A great example of her color illumination would be in her piece, "Serpentine."
  • Pierina Legnani

    Pierina Legnani

    Was an Italian dancer whose dance techniques inspired Russian dancers to develop their technique. This inspiration began when she danced in "Cinderella" at the Mariinsky Theatre.
  • Nikolai Legat

    Nikolai Legat

    Was a Russian dancer and choreographer who became principal dancer of the Miriinsky Theatre and has danced in over 70 roles. His pupils included Danilova, Lopokova, de Valois, Markova, Dolin, Eglevsky, and Fonteyn.
  • Don Quixote

    The ballet was based upon the Spanish novel written by Miguel de Cervantes in the 17th century. Was one of the ballet's that was staged by Marius Petipa during the Classical Era. One of the first grand ballets of his to have a Spanish element.
  • Coppelia

    The story starts off with Doctor Coppelius creating a life-size doll, Coppelia that is so lifelike that a man named, Frantz, falls in love with her, even though he is betrothed to Swanhilde. Swanhilde and Frantz separately break into the shop Everyone is caught, but Swanhilde hides and sees the inventor trying to bring Coppelia to life with Frantz’s life force and secretly dresses as the doll. She shows everyone their folly and the ballet ends with Swanhilde and Frantz marrying.
  • Sergei Diaghilev

    Sergei Diaghilev

    Was a Russian promoter of the arts, especially in ballet. He is the founder of the Ballet Russe.
  • Swan Lake

    Prince Siegfried is out hunting when he sees a group of swans, one of them turning into this beautiful woman named Odette. All of the swans there are women that were put underneath a curse by Baron Von Rothbart. The only way for the curse to be broken is if someone swears their undying love to her and marries her. Siegfried plans to do this and swears his love to what seems to be Odette at the Grand Reception, but it is actually her look alike Odile. The ending varies depending on the company
  • Isadora Duncan

    Isadora Duncan

    An American dancer and choreographer and known as the "Mother" of modern dance. She had created her own studio and technique as a direct rebellion against ballet. Her choreographic works included a Grecian style and was purposed to express themes of nature and natural movement.
  • Ruth St. Denis

    Ruth St. Denis

    An American dancer and choreographer. Best known for her company, "Denishawn." Within this company, many modern pioneers were born and left to pursue their own movements and technique. Ruth liked to express themes of spirituality, traditional and mythology in her dances.
  • Agrippina Vaganova

    Agrippina Vaganova

    Was a Russian ballerina and teacher that developed technique based on the Russian Imperial and Soviet style of ballet. Sher became known as the "Queen of variations."
  • Vaudeville

    A genre of variety entertainment prevalent in the U.S. and Canada. Was inspired by many sources including concert saloons, the minstrelsy freak shows, dime museums and burlesque shows.
  • Tango

    A dance that derived from Buenos Aires where flamenco dance merged with milonga dance.
  • Michel Fokine

    Michel Fokine

    Was a Russian dancer and choreographer who choreographed, "The Dying Swan" for Anna Pavlova. He was chief choreographer of the Ballet Russe.
  • Anna Pavlova

    Anna Pavlova

    Was a Russian ballerina whom studied at the Imperial School of Ballet to then later join the Ballet Russe in 1909. After 1913, she danced independently with her own company.
  • Vaslav Nijinsky

    Vaslav Nijinsky

    Was a Russian dancer who became a soloist at the Mariinsky Theatre and later joined the Ballet Russe.
  • Bronislava Nijinska

    Bronislava Nijinska

    Was a Russian-American dancer, choreographer and teacher. She was the sister of Vaslav Nijinsky and also performed with the Ballet Russe alongside her brother. Some of her choreographic works include, Les Noces, The Blue Train, and Les Biches.
  • Ted Shawn

    Ted Shawn

    An American dancer and choreographer. Best known for his company with Ruth St. Denis, "Denishawn" and after the company disbanded, he established "Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival," which is still around today. He was able to redefine dancing for men.
  • Serpentine Dance

    Choreographed by Loie Fuller. Like most of her pieces, she dances with yards of fabric in order for her to manipulate it, she had placed sticks of bamboo into the costume for a wider range of motion.
  • Martha Graham

    Martha Graham

    An American dancer and choreographer. She was student of the Denishawn dance company but left to pursue her own movement and technique. Her choreographic works included themes of hidden emotions and mythology. She developed a technique that is commonly now referred to as contraction and release.
  • Leonide Massine

    Leonide Massine

    Was a Russian dancer who choreographed over 50 ballets during the 20th century. He studied under Enrico Cecchetti and made his debut in La Légende de Joseph in 1914.
  • "Two Colored" Rule

    During the hype of Vaudeville, this unspoken rule suggested that no black performer could be a soloist.
  • American Social Dance

    Allows boundaries within social groups to be blurred. It is an expression that emerges from a community. Its origin cannot be traced by a certain person or moment. They change and spread to include more participants. About community and connection.
  • Kurt Jooss

    Kurt Jooss

    A German dancer and choreographer. After studying ballet in Paris, he established a school in Germany and became ballet master at the Essen Opera House.
  • George Balanchine

    George Balanchine

    A Russian-American choreographer. He is best known for his restaging of the Nutcracker and Don Quixote being characterized by his neoclassic style.
  • Lincoln Kirstein

    Lincoln Kirstein

    An American dancer patron, writer and businessman who often collaborated with George Balanchine. Helped found the New York City Ballet and School of American Ballet.
  • The Dying Swan

    A solo that was choreographed by Michel Fokine and music by Saint-Seans. Originally choreographed for Pavlova.
  • Antony Tudor

    Antony Tudor

    Was an American dancer, teacher and choreographer who developed psychological ballet. Became associated with the Metropolitan Opera and a faculty member of Julliard School of Music.
  • Katherine Dunham

    Katherine Dunham

    An American, dancer, choreographer and anthropologist. She is well known for her interpretations of ritual and ethnic dances.
  • Firebird

    A ballet by Stravinsky. According to Britannica.com, the ballet is based on the Russian legend of the Firebird which is a powerful good spirit whose feathers supposedly convey beauty and protection upon the earth.
  • Alwin Nikolais

    Alwin Nikolais

    An American dancer, composer and choreographer. His pieces combined abstract themes with technical effects and freedom of established patterns.
  • Afternoon of the Faun

    a ballet performed by the Ballet Russe. Inspired by the poem of Debussy, The story is of a young faun who meets several nymphs; he flirts with them and chases them. The ballet cause major controversy.
  • The Rite of Spring

    A Russian ballet by Stravinsky and was performed by the Ballet Russe. The plot is that there is a virgin maiden is chosen to appease the gods and is sacrificed to do so. This ballet caused major controversy where the audiences reactions where always different.
  • Denishawn

    A dance company established by Ruth St. Denis and her husband, Ted Shawn in Los Angeles, California. The company later disbanded in 1931. This dance company focused on oriental and yoga themes.
  • Parade

    A ballet choreographed by Leonide Massine whose costumes were created by Pablo Picasso
  • Merce Cunningham

    Merce Cunningham

    An American dancer, choreographer and founder of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. He had a strong sense of musicality.
  • Margot Fonteyn

    Margot Fonteyn

    A British ballerina. She was well loved for her musical technicality. and most associate her with her dance partner Rudolf Nureyev.
  • Pearl Primus

    Pearl Primus

    An American dancer, choreographer, anthropologist and teacher. Her performance work shed light on African dances and was based off of her research in Africa and Caribbean.
  • Labanotation

    A system of recording movements of the body (dance) on a staff using symbols. A way for choreographers to record their work and for dancers to read. Created by Rudolph Laban.
  • Charleston

    Charleston

    A dance that involves fast paced swinging of the legs and big arm movements.
  • Vogue

    Vogue

    A dance that become popularized in the 80s but originally emerged from Harlem's drag ballroom. The movements were inspired by fashion poses Vogue magazines.
  • Les Noces

    The ballet depicts a Russian wedding in four scenes. The blessing of the bride, the blessing of the bridegroom, the bride’s departure from her parent’s house, and the wedding feast.
  • Apolo

    A piece choreographed by George Balanchine and music by Igor Stravinsky. Was one of his first major collaboration works.
  • Paul Taylor

    Paul Taylor

    An American dancer, choreographer and founder of the Paul Taylor dance company. Mostly known for the inventive humourism dances her would produce for his company.
  • The Green Table

    Choreographed by Kurt Jooss. It's essentially a danse macabre or dance of death about anti war.
  • Balanchine

    The Balanchine method was developed by George Balanchine himself and consists of open arabesque, deep pliés, and often unique port de bras. Also to prove further that Balanchine was a neoclassical artist. He would have his dancers wear more minimalistic costumes that way movement can be the main focus.
  • Serenade

    A piece choreographed by George Balanchine. Apparently while choreographing, Balanchine wanted to prove to his students that dancing was much more than just taking class.
  • Arthur Mitchell

    Arthur Mitchell

    An American dancer, choreographer and director. Was the first African American to become a principal dancer to the New York City Ballet. Later left to establish the Dance Theatre of Harlem.
  • Yvonne Rainer

    Yvonne Rainer

    An American dancer, filmmaker and choreographer. Known for her minimalist art style. She questioned who could dance and often plays games with her dancers in order to create movement.
  • Rudolf Nureyev

    A Soviet born dancer whose big leaps are often compared to that of Vaslav Nijinsky's great style. Through his performance, he was able to revive the importance of male roles in ballet.
  • Steve Paxton

    Steve Paxton

    An American dancer and choreographer, born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona. He believes that untrained dancers can contribute to dance and take interest in pedestrian movement.
  • Pina Bausch

    Pina Bausch

    A German dancer and choreographer. A contributor to Tanztheater or neo-expressionism. Often choreographed to dramatic elements such as trauma, relationships, and with European/American expressionist style of movement.
  • Natalia Makarova

    Natalia Makarova

    A Russian classical ballerina. After graduating from Leningrad Choreographic School, she joined the Mariinsky Ballet. She won a gold medal at the Varna International Ballet Competition in 1965.
  • Twyla Tharp

    Twyla Tharp

    An American dancer, choreographer and author. Her work often consists of jazz, classical music, and contemporary pop music.
  • Appalachian Spring

    A musical composition by Aaron Copeland and used from Martha Graham to accompany this orchestral suite with dance.
  • Mats Ek

    Mats Ek

    Swedish Ballet dancer. He has danced with the Stockholm Ballet Academy, Cullberg Ballet and Düsseldorf Ballet
  • Cave of the Heart

    A dance choreographed my Martha Graham. A one-act ballet that was loosely based on the Medea mythological story.
  • Errand into the Maze

    A piece choreographed my Martha Graham and music by Gian Carlo Menotti. Based on a poem by Ben Belitt. Utilizes Greek mythology and themes regarding conquering ones own personal demons of sexual intimacy.
  • Jiri Kylian

    Jiri Kylian

    A former Czech dancer and contemporary choreographer. Decided to pursue dance at the age of 9.
  • Night Journey

    A piece choreographed by Martha Graham and music by William Schuman. Was performed at the Cambridge high school in Boston. Was about 30 minutes long and was based on Sophocles' Oedipus Rex.
  • Mikhail Baryshnikov

    Mikhail Baryshnikov

    A Russian-American dancer. Attended the Vaganova ballet school to train to enter the Mariinsky. He later joined the American Ballet Theatre and and danced with the New York City Ballet.
  • Diversion of Angels

    A piece choregraphed by Martha Graham and music by Norman Dello Joio. Represents themes of love and is one of Martha's plotless dance pieces. She used the color in the costumes in to represent certain and different aspects of love.
  • William Forsythe

    William Forsythe

    An American dancer and choreographer. Best known for his restaging of contemporary works and works he has done with his own company, the Forsythe company. His works display abstraction and deconstruction of classical repertoire.
  • Bill T. Jones

    Bill T. Jones

    An American choreographer and dancer. Established the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. His choreographic work incorporated multimedia elements such as spoken narrative and videotape, and they examined through movement autobiographical elements of their lives.
  • Ohad Naharin

    Ohad Naharin

    Creator of gaga dancing. An Israeli choreographer and contemporary dancer.
  • Edouard Lock

    Edouard Lock

    Born in Morocco and started his dancing career at the age of 19 and started choregraphing at the age of 20. Founder and Artistic Director of Lalala Human Steps.
  • DJ Kool Herc

    DJ Kool Herc

    Real name is Clive Campbell. Known as the father of hip hop. He earned this title after playing music in the neighborhood from his apartment. He would manipulate the music to his own personal taste by physically turning and bouncing the records creating some of his own sounds.
  • Maxi Jazz

    Maxi Jazz

    His real name is Maxwell Fraser and he is an English musician born in Brixton, London. His titles include being a singer, song-writer, rapper and DJ. Best known the lead singer in the electronic band, Faithless.
  • Ailey American Dance Theatre

    A dance company established by Alvin Ailey Jr. Modern based residing in New York City.
  • Suite for Five

    A piece choreographed by Merce Cunningham and contains music composed by John Cage. Originally consisted of five solos and then a trio and a solo. The choreography relies on chance like much of his choreographic work.
  • Rudolf Van Laban

    Rudolf Van Laban

    An Australian-Hungarian dance artists and creator of labanotation. Considered as one of the pioneers of modern dance in Europe. Known as the founding father of expressionist dance.
  • Butoh

    A type of Japanese dance theater. Encompasses dance, performance and movement.
  • Crises

    A piece choreographed my Merce Cunningham and contains music composed by Conlon Nancarrow. In tis piece the four female and one male dancer focus on the physical entanglements that are out in. This piece is described as "an adventure in togetherness."
  • Disco Music

    Disco Music

    Derived from the urban nightlife scene. Often consists by four-on-the-floor beats, syncopated basslines, string sections, horns, electric piano, synthesizers, and electric rhythm guitars.
  • Leon and Lightfoot

    Leon and Lightfoot

    Paul Lightfoot and Sol Leon are dancers and artistic directors of the Nederlands Dans Theatre.
  • Revelations

    A dance choreographed by Alvin Ailey. this dance explores themes of grief and gospel joy.
  • Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker

    Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker

    A contemporary dancer and choreographer. Founder of the Rosas dance ensemble.
  • The Judson Church

    A memorial church where the Judson Dance Theater performed at. Consisted of dancers, composers and visual artists.
  • Rainforest

    A piece choreographed by Merce Cunningham and contains music composed by David Tudor. The piece derived from Cunningham's childhood memories. Each of the six dancers perform their own role and then never return to the stage. Within the piece "silver clouds" were installed which seemed to be Mylar pillows filled with helium.
  • Ballin' Jack

    Ballin' Jack

    An American rock group that was established in Seattle, Washington. It was formed by Luther Rabb and Ronnie Hammon.
  • Grafitti

    Grafitti

    Writing, drawing, or scribbles inscribed on public and private property. Can also be a visual communication between individuals or communities.
  • MC

    A term derived from "Master of Ceremonies." Used to identify a rapper. Often create vocal speeches and material of musicality.
  • Hip Hop

    A cultural movement often referred to its music counterpart of DJing, but is actually an umbrella term that consists of breaking, MCing, rap, and graffiti art.
  • Breaking

    Breaking

    A dance style that is under the hip hop genre. Includes stylized footwork and athletic movements such as back and head spins.
  • DJing

    The act of playing existing recorded music for a live audience. However, the DJ would rearrange the music by manipulating the records to create scratch record noises or repeats of certain parts of the song.
  • House Music

    Another term for electronic dance music characterized by a repetitive four in the floor beat. Typical tempo is 115 to 130 bpm.
  • House dance

    A freestyle street dance and social dance. It is typically danced to loud and bass-heavy electronic dance music provided by DJs in nightclubs or at raves.
  • Waacking

    A dance that originated in California gay clubs. The term "wack" refers to the strong quick arm and leg movements.
  • Urban Dance

    Urban dance is problematic because it stems from hip hop and street dance styles such as pop, funk, locking and breaking as well as other dance styles such as tap and ballet. hip hop and urban dance are different because hip hop dance is breaking that came from the culture and emerged as a way for people to express themselves. Urban dance was trying to only explain choreography that is open to different styles, however it became more associated to racial labeling.
  • Pilobolus

    A modern dance company that was founded by Robby Barnett, Alison Becker, Martha Clarke, Lee Harris, Moses Pendleton, Michael Tracy and Johnathan Wolken. Has produced over 100 choreographic works.
  • Cloud Gate Dance Theater

    A modern .dance company in Taiwan founded by Lin Hwai-min.
  • Sankai Juku

    A Butoh dance troupe. Co-founded by Amagatsu Ushio
  • Esplanade

    A piece choreographed by Paul Taylor. Was inspired by watching a girl running to catch a bus.
  • Push Comes to Shove

    A piece choreographed by Twyla Tharp and later wrote an autobiography with the same title in November 1st, 1992.
  • Lalala Human Steps

    Dance company founded by Edouard Lock which was originally named the Lock Danseurs.
  • Rosas danst Rosas

    A choreographic work by Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker. In this piece repetition is consistent with the movements. Composed of four female dancers.
  • DV8 Physical Theatre

    A physically integrated contemporary dance company. Founded by Lloyd Newson, Michelle Richecoeur and Nigel Charnock.
  • In The Upper Room

    A piece choreographed by Twyla Tharp. A plotless dance that some audiences compare the title to the religious story in the New Testament of Jesus and His disciples meeting in Mark's Upper Room.
  • In the Middle Somewhat Elevated

    Choreographed by William Forsythe, representing classic order making changes towards tilts and disfiguration. Seems as though the structure of ballet is being challenged.
  • Achterland

    A choreographic piece by Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker. Inspired by György Ligeti’s and Eugène Ysaÿe’s music.
  • Strange Fish

    A choreographic piece produced by DV8 Physical Theatre representing themes of love.
  • Krump

    A dance characterized by energy, sharp movements, expressive characters, and aggressive presentation.
  • Still Here

    A piece choreographed by Bill T. Jones. This work is about people facing deadly illnesses.
  • Moon Water

    A piece choreographed by Lin Hwai-min and performed by Cloud Gate Dance Theatre.
  • Apartment

    Choreographed by Mats Ek. This ballet portrays concepts of separation and isolation using the metaphor of an apartment
  • Kagemi-Beyond the Metaphors of Mirrors

    Choreographed and designed by Amagatsu Ushio. Contains music of Takashi Kako and Yoicihro Yoshikawa
  • Gaga

    Classes of Gaga, were first made available to the public since 2001. The technique is still being developed to this very day.
  • Amelia

    Premiered at the State Opera Progue. In this choreographic work, Lock is exploring gesture through the extremes of the body by creating distorted images and partial isolation throughout the movements along with the help of the lights.
  • Sleepless

    Choreographed by Jiri Kylian. In this piece a white curtain cuts across the stage and there are silhouettes of the dancers. This allows the dancers to make unusual entrances and exits and make interesting shapes.
  • Vollmond

    A piece choreographed by Pina Bausch. The dancers are in gowns and suits and dancing with water and a boulder.
  • Cost of Living

    A drama short choreographed and produced by Nikki Weston and Lloyd Newson. Also based on the stage production by DV8 Physical Theatre.