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Culture is passed from generation to generation by family and school this heritage can include objects, practices, customs, works of art, monuments, etc.
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-Shamanism - Priest/medicine man
-Myths and legends (Their culture would be passed down this way.)
-Dream catchers -
Amerindians shared immense respect for elders, followed traditions and believed in freedom of actions (no written laws, no private property, etc...)
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The Amerindians we're very close to nature, they belived in respect for nature, animals and all things that have a soul/spirit, this is called Animism. They also believed in the circle of life.
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Culture and information was transmitted through:
-Oral traditions.
-Song and dance.
-Ceremonies. -
The King had absolute power and oversees cultural events and exercises control over the church. King Louis the 14th realized that the New France colony was suffering, so he sent a regiment of soldiers to fight the Iroquois and place Jean-Baptiste Colbert as the Minister of Marine to end the monopolies which were destroying the colony. They eventually decided to implement the Royal GV in 1663.
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Settles had good lives, but since it was a new country, there was a lot of work to be done and people were constanty busy. Due to the lack of help from others, the settlers of New France became very self-dependant and they took care of themselves. Also, life was very different in New France than in France because of the distance from the king, he had less control and because of the contact with aboriginals and their way of living, this created the unique culture of les Canadiens.
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There were 3 levels of Government, Federal, Provincial, Municipal. Within those levels, each had 3 types of functions (commonly known as the separation of powers). -Executive: Makes decisions about administration and implements the laws and taxes made by the legislative branch.
-Legislative: Makes/thinks up laws and imposes taxes to make the necessary money to operate the government.
-Judicial: Makes sure laws are applied. -
The catholic church and religion was everywhere in New France. Priests in parishes and missionaries, nuns at hospitals and schools, future priests in seminaries. The entire population followed the churches idealogy in fear of getting excommunicated, as no one will sell to them or buy from them as they could get themselves excommunicated. The church spread it's ideas in the educational system which they ran and art was based on religion.
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Individual freedom in terms of rights and liberties. Liberal ideas were diffused through newspapers. Liberalism helped the development of parliamentarism (the system of parliamentary government).
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For/Pro church influence and intervention, rather than the government. This current of thought involves having to completely obey to the Catholic religion. The church seeks to further influence, in all the parts of life, social, political and cultural.
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The complete opposite of Ultramontanism, this current of thought was against church influence and intervention much like Laicism. It is a promotion of a democracy.
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Economic system where individuals can do whatever they want economically and business wise. Individuals are free to get as rich as possible. (However there is a safety net for the poor as Canada is not only capitalistic, but also socialistic). Capitalistic ideas appeared in the mainstream press and literary works.
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The government intervenes in the ownership and control of production and distribution of money, land, etc… to benefit the community as a whole.
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Push to support farmers and farming. (Maurice Duplessis, electrification of the farm lands) Co-op. All the farmers agreed to sell their products to the Co-op all for the same rate and price, that way everybody profits and there’s no competition, it is a guarantee to have a certain income. For farmers, by farmers. No one farmer can outbid another farmer.
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Devotion to one’s own nation over all others. No longer want to be a part of the mother country. (Independent). There are 2 types, traditional: loyal to Canada and Separatist: Loyal to their province which they see as a separate country. (Eng-Can: Liked the British way, but wanted to operate independently. Fre.Can: Did not support Britain at all, they wanted to protect the French culture.
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Church loses its control and power, the government intervenes and takes over. Separation between “Church and State”.
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Groups/mentality that favoured equality and collaboration. American unions such as the Knights of Labor, the caisses populaires and the catholic union of cultivators are examples of groups who follow this priniciple.
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Dictator who should control the entire country.
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Women take on a bigger role and get more equality after/during the wars. This current of thought is that women should be equal with men.
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Following of American cultural, dance, music, films, radio, television. The church tries to stop Americanisation from happening by spreading ideas of traditional catholic culture in the form of music, media and education.
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The community will decide everything, little to no intervention from the government. Removal of state.
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Claims for ancestral rights and recognition of aboriginal identity through traditional culture.
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Extending authority over foreign countries and acquiring/claiming colonies. Also, being loyal to the mother country. This current of thought influenced the architecture, the ideology was found throughout newspapers and stories.
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-Oka Crisis: A golf club wanted to expand it's course onto Native Land, the problem escalated and eventually resulted in a 78 day standoff where the Canadian Forces were called in to help. To deal with these territorial issues, the Charlottetown Accord was created.
