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Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon argued for the importance of empirical investication. His arguments included "an ever-increasing belief in the necessity of freedom of speech, the press, and the live of an individual" (Kaufman 2010) Freedom became important to who an individual was. There was no room for aritifical authority. -
Charles II & Royal Society
Charles II charted a Royal Society, which institutionalized science and scientific research. The society recognized the work of scientists and mathematicians. It began publishing and recognizing the works of scientists and mathematicians. With the publications of work, the start of reputations began. This led to reduced individuality and placed an emphasis on the lawfulness of nature and the practival benefits from science. -
Hobbes
Hobbes was the first major figure to recognize the importance of imagination. This led to the important distinctions of creativity in which we know today: "(a) genius was divorced from supernatural; (b) genius, although exceptional, was a potential in every individual; (c) tale and genius were to be distinguished from one another, and (d) their portential and excercise depend on the policial atmospher at the time" (Kaufman 2010). -
Jean- Jacques Rousseau & Romanticism
Romanticism was when creativity took on the stereotype that we see today. It was seen in the expression in artists' emphasis on inner feelings as natural. During this time, creativity became known as highly emotional. -
Galton
Galton emphasized the study of individual differences. He wanted to protect socienty from unintentional social consequences. He studied high- achieving families to use as examples of heredity ability. He used this as evidence in the claim that genius is separate from supernatual and that every individual has the potential to be genius.
