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He was an Achaemenid king of Persia and the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire, after defeating Astiages, the last Median king, and extending his rule over the central plateau of Iran and much of Mesopotamia.
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He was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded Carthage's main forces against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War. He is widely considered one of the greatest military commanders in world history. His father, Hamilcar Barca, was a leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War. His younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal, and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair, who also commanded Carthaginian armies.
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He was the first Roman emperor, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.His status as the founder of the Roman Principate has consolidated an enduring legacy as one of the most effective and controversial leaders in human history.The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana.
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Attila was the last and most powerful leader of the Huns, a tribe probably from Asia, although his exact origins are unknown. Attila ruled the greatest European empire of his time,
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Son of King Pepin the Short and Bertrada de Laon, he succeeded his father and reigned with his brother, Carloman I. Although relations between the two became tense, the sudden death of Carloman prevented war from breaking out. He reinforced the friendly relations that his father had maintained with the papacy and became its protector after defeating the Lombards in Italy.
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William usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastardwas the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. He was a descendant of Rollo and was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. His hold was secure on Normandy by 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, and he launched the Norman conquest of England six years later.
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He was the founder and first Great Khan and Emperor of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Empire and being proclaimed Genghis Khan,he launched the Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia, reaching as far west as Poland and the Levant in the Middle East
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Born around 1480 into a family of minor Portuguese nobility, Magellan became a skilled sailor and naval officer and was in service of the Portuguese crown in Asia. After King Manuel I of Portugal refused to support his plan to reach India by a new route, by sailing around the southern end of the South American continent
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He was a navigator, explorer, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy.1 Cook produced detailed maps of the island of Newfoundland before making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he established the first recorded contact of Europeans with the eastern coast of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, as well as the first circumnavigation of New Zealand.
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He was a French statesman and military leader who led many successful campaigns during the French Revolution and the French Revolutionary Wars, and was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days.