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Lake Nyasa dispute (1967-present)
The resurgence of the dispute began on October 2012 when Malawi’s former president, Bingu wa Mutharika, awarded a contract to British Surestream Petroleum to start gas and oil exploration on the eastern part of the lake.
It seems that the dispute can be resolved only if the two countries take a leaf from how their colonisers Britain and Germany dealt with the boundary issue, referring to 1890 Heligoland Agreement which stipulated that the border between the country lay along the Tanzanian side. -
Laos Insurgency (1975-2007)
Groups from the minority Hmong people have fought Laotian communist forces, initially alongside the United States in what was called "the Secret War", since the 1960s. They continued their armed resistance after the communists came to power in 1975. The Laotian military intervened on numerous occasions, which drove the Hmong either out of the country into neighbouring Thailand or in Laos's highest mountains to continue their fight as guerrillas. -
Uganda–Tanzania War (1978-1979)
The Uganda–Tanzania war (usually referred to in Uganda as the Liberation War) was fought between Uganda and Tanzania in 1978–1979, and led to the overthrow of Idi Amin's regime. Idi Amin's forces included thousands of troops sent by Muammar Gaddafi, and some Palestinian support. -
The Ugandan Bush War (1981-1986)
The Ugandan Bush War (also known as the Luwero War, the Ugandan civil war or the Resistance War) refers to the guerrilla war waged between 1981 and 1986 in Uganda by the National Resistance Army (NRA) against the government of Milton Obote, and later that of Tito Okello. -
Lord's Resistance Army (1987-present)
The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group led by Joseph Kony, originated in Northern Uganda as a movement to fight for the interests of the Acholi people. Kony for the last 24 years has led a terrifying regime targeting attacks on innocent civilians, kidnapping children and forcing them to fight in his rebel forces.
Driven out of the country by the Ugandan army, the LRA’s rebels are now scattered across the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic and Southern Sudan. -
Azebaijan - Armenia
The re-emergence of violence in the late 1980s between ethnic Armenians and Azeris over the long-disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region erupted into armed conflict in February 1992 between forces from Armenia and Azerbaijan as well as Nagorno-Karabakh. The armed conflict led to occupation of more than one-seventh of the territory of Azerbaijan, over twenty thousand casualties, massive refugee flows from both sides, and expulsion of ethnic Armenians from Azerbaijan and ethnic Azeris from Armenia. -
War of Transnistria (March-July 1992)
The War of Transnistria was a limited conflict that broke out in November 1990 at Dubăsari between pro-Transnistria forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and Cossack units, and supported by elements of the Russian 14th army, and pro-Moldovan forces, including Moldovan troops and police.
Fighting intensified on 1 March 1992 and lasted throughout the spring and early summer of 1992 until a ceasefire was declared on 21 July 1992. -
Civil war in Tajikistan (May 1992-June 1997)
The Civil War in Tajikistan began in May 1992 when ethnic groups from the Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions, which were underrepresented in the ruling elite, rose up against the national government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, in which people from the Leninabad and Kulyab regions dominated.
President Emomalii Rahmon, UTO leader Sayid Abdulloh Nuri, and Special Representative of the UNSG Gerd Merrem signed the "Moscow Protocol" on 27 June 1997 in Moscow. -
The Burundian Civil War (1993-2005)
The Burundian Civil War was an armed conflict lasting from 1993 to 2005. The civil war was the result of long standing ethnic divisions between the Hutu and the Tutsi tribes in Burundi. The conflict began following the first multiparty elections in the country since gaining independence from Belgium in 1962 and is seen as formally ending with the swearing in of Pierre Nkurunziza in August 2005. The estimated death toll stands at 300,000 killed. -
Rwandan Genocide (100 days)
The Rwandan Genocide was a genocidal mass slaughter of the Tutsis by the Hutus that took place in 1994 in the East African state of Rwanda. Over the course of approximately 100 days (from the assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira on April 6 through mid-July) over 500,000 people were killed. -
Five-Day War between Mali and Burkina Faso
On Christmas Day 1985, tensions with Mali over the mineral-rich Agacher Strip erupted in a war that lasted five days and killed about 100 people. The conflict ended after mediation by President Félix Houphouët-Boigny of Côte d'Ivoire. The conflict is known as the "Christmas war" in Burkina Faso.
Many of the strict austerity measures taken by Sankara met with growing resistance and disagreement. Despite his initial popularity and personal charisma, problems began to surface in the implementation -
The Nepalese Civil War
The Nepalese Civil War (labelled the People's War by the Maoists was an armed conflict between government forces and Maoist fighters in Nepal which lasted from 1996 until 2006. The war was launched by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) on 13 February 1996, with the aim of overthrowing the Nepalese monarchy and establishing a 'People's Republic'. It ended with the Comprehensive Peace Accord signed on 21 November 2006. -
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998-2000)
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War took place from May 1998 to June 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea.
At the end of the war Ethiopia held all of the disputed territory and had advanced into Eritrea. After the war ended, the Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary Commission (UN) established that Badme, the disputed territory at the heart of the conflict, belongs to Eritrea. As of 2013, Ethiopia still occupies the territory. -
Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan barrier
The Uzbekistan–Kyrgyzstan barrier is a barrier built by Uzbekistan along its border with Kyrgyzstan to prevent terrorist infiltration. Construction began in 1999 after bomb attacks in the Uzbek capital of Tashkent were blamed on Islamic terrorists originating from Kyrgyzstan. -
Insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia (January-December 2001)
The insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia (February – August 2001, with some preceding and following incidents) was an armed conflict which began when the ethnic Albanian National Liberation Army (NLA) militant group began attacking the security forces of the Republic of Macedonia at the beginning of February 2001, and ended with the Ohrid Agreement. -
War in Afghanistan (2001-present)
The War in Afghanistan (2001–present) refers to the intervention in the Afghan Civil War by the United States and its allies, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, to dismantle Al-Qaeda, the Islamic terrorist organization led by Osama bin Laden and to remove from power the Taliban, an Islamic fundamentalist regime led by Mullah Mohammed Omar, which at the time controlled 90% of Afghanistan and hosted Al-Qaeda leadership. -
Bolivian gas war (2003-2006)
The Bolivian gas conflict was a social confrontation in Bolivia centering on the exploitation of the country's vast natural gas reserves. The expression can be extended to refer to the general conflict in Bolivia over the exploitation of gas resources, thus including the 2005 protests and the election of Evo Morales as president. -
Chadian Civil War (2005–10)
In 1998 an armed rebellion began in the north, led by President Déby's former defence chief, Youssouf Togoimi. A Libyan peace deal in 2002 failed to put an end to the fighting. In 2003, conflict in the neighbouring Darfur region in Sudan leaked across the border into Chad. Chad's rebels received weapons and assistance from the government of Sudan. Sudan's rebels got help from Chad's government.
An agreement between Chad and Sudan was signed January 15, 2010 and marked the end of a five-year war. -
War in Somalia (2006–2009)
Ethiopia deployed troops to Mogadishu in late 2006 to remove the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts from power and to support the Transitional Federal Government. Ethiopian troop presence was violently opposed by Somali non-state armed groups. Ethiopia's presence in Somalia ended in early 2009, when it pulled its troops under an agreement between the transitional Somali government and moderate Islamists. -
North Niger conflict (2007-2009)
A conflict in the north of Niger opposes Tuareg non-state armed groups against the Government. Dozens of Government soldiers have been killed in Niger since the formation in February 2007 of a new non-state armed group (NSAG), the Niger Movement for Justice (MNJ).
In April 2009, the Government and the MNJ agreed to end hostilities after talks in the Libyan capital, Tripoli. -
Northern Mali conflict (2012-present)
On 16 January 2012, several insurgent groups began fighting a campaign against the Malian government for independence or greater autonomy for northern Mali (Azawad). The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) had taken control of the region by April 2012. By 8 February, the Islamist-held territory had been re-taken by the Malian military, with help from the international coalition. A Peace deal between the government and Tuareg rebels was signed on 18 June 2013. -
The Heglig Crisis
The Heglig Crisis was an armed conflict between the states of Sudan and the South Sudan in 2012 over oil-rich regions between the South Sudan's Unity and the Sudan's South Kordofan. The oil rich region Heglig is well under the control of the Republic of Sudan. Certain areas involved, notably Abyei, are claimed by both sides as part of their sovereign territory.
In September 2012, a series of eight agreements were made, resolving most aspects of the conflict. -
Central African Republic conflict (2012–13)
A conflict in the Central African Republic started on 10 December 2012, between the Government of the Central African Republic (CAR) and Seleka, a coalition of rebel groups, many of whom were previously involved in the Central African Republic Bush War.
Chad, Gabon, Cameroon, Angola, South Africa and Republic of Congo sent troop to help Bozizé's government. However the capital was seized by the rebels on March 24, 2013 and the rebel leader Michel Djotodia declared himself president
