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The Battle of Lexington and Concord
This was the first battle of the Revolutionary War. It was fought in Middlesex county, Province of Massachusetts Bay. Paul Revere and other riders sounded off the alarm that the British were coming. On the 18th, hundreds of British troops marched from Boston to nearby Concord. This battle was a draw because many think that both sides lost, but the Americans showed that they would stand. -
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Battle of Saratoga
The battle of Saratoga fought during the 2nd year of the war. This battle was the second crucial battle of the war and also was the big turning point of the war. This battle was also fought 18 days apart. -
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Battle of Yorktown
The British(Cornwallis) surrendered after fighting the American(Washington) for 3 weeks. Cornwallis surrendered because of the lack of resources needed to build a new army. This battle ended the Revolutionary War and started American's independence. The treaty of Paris officially ended the war 2 years later. This was showed how great of a leader Washington was, this later help him become the first president. The French were allied with the states. -
The Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was what declared slavery illegal in the Northwest Territory. The first effort by the national government was to prohibit slavery in all these territories. All-new states that joined during this time would have the same rights as the original 13 colonies. The territories could apply for "statehood" once they reach the minimum population. This important in history because was the start of trying to get coast to coast(Manifest Destiny) -
Louisiana Purchase
A set precedent for future land acquisitions. Bought mainly to control the Mississippi River. Also, the government wanted to own land, Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. The government and the states wanted to expand slavery with Manifest Destiny, which they believed was the God-given right to control are the land. The United States got this land from France, this purchase doubled the United States size and paved the way for the westward expansion. -
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Missouri Compromise
This Compromise cut the United States in half, half of the United States was freed and the bottom slaved. This cut the United States at the 36'30" line, this was called the Mason Dixson Line. Many northerns thought that President Polk was for the south, meaning he wanted slavery. This compromise made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state. -
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Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was created because Great Britain wanted to develop strong trade with Latin Americans. Britain encouraged the United States to support the claims in Latin America. This doctrine was also made to warn European countries not to settle in Latin America. Later on, many presidents used it, such as Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson. -
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Nullification Crisis
The state of South Carolina and the federal government had a conflict because South Carolina wanted to declare tariffs null, void, and nonbinding in the states. Henry Clay helped a compromise bill with Calhoun that lowered the tariff. This Crisis was the largest during the Antebellum period. This Crisis was what eventually led to the Civil War. The Crisis was during Andrew Johnson's presidency. South Carolina wanted some taxes and laws to be outlawed because they thought it was unfair. -
Texas Annexation
Before Texas became apart of the states, many Americans lived in Texas, which at the time was a part of Mexico. Mexico outlawed slavery. The United States wanted to claim Texas as their own state, but could not because of Mexico, so they fought in a war. After the war, Texas still couldn't become apart of the states because they wanted to be a slave state, but this would have uneven the numbers of free to slave states. It took 10 years before Texas could have become a state. -
Oregon Treaty
British told Oregon Territory wouldn't be shared and was led to the Pig War. This was important to Manifest Destiny because it showed that the United States was willing to fight for Westward Expansion. The states want the 54'40", which start problems within the States and the British. This treaty established the 49th Parallel between the two countries. -
Mexican Cession
The Mexican Cession complete Manifest Destiny because we claimed the land from coast to coast. The land was acquired by the treaty, Guadalupe Hidalgo, that ended the Mexican-American War. The states that were acquired were California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming. -
Compromise of 1850
Introduced the Popular Sovereignty(voters vote on the issue of slavery in states) to decided the slave question. California entered the union as a free state. Another question was are the states that entered in with the Mexican Cession, are they freed or slaved. No slave trades in Washington D.C. This compromise also created the Fugitive Slave Law. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
States got to decide whether or not they wanted to be free states or slave states. This act outlawed the Missouri Compromise, which stated anything above the Mason-Dixson line was freed, and below was slaved. Created the Republican party. This act was the cause of Bleeding Kansas. This act also used Popular Sovereignty. -
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Bleeding/Bloody Kansas
Bleeding Kansas was the Civil War before the real Civil War. Bleeding Kansas happened after the Kansas Nebraska Act was passed because many people didn't like the act. Over 200 people die because of bloody Kansas. Many people snuck into Kansas to vote for slavery. -
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John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry
John Brown raid was set to free slaves. They freed 11 slaves. -
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Battle of Fort Sumter
To start this battle, Lincoln wanted restock the fort. Gereral Beauregard bombarded Fort Sumter. This battle was caused more sectionalism. Fort Sumter was located in the Confederay, but the Union stored weapons and other supplies. The Conferates won this battle because the Union didn't have enough supplies. -
Battle of Bull Run
The first battle of the Civil War. Confederates won this battle. This great win was a shock to many northerners. Many thought that the war was going to be easy but after this battle, they saw that it was not. -
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Battle of Antietam
This battle was the grounds for the Emancipation Proclamation. This was the single bloodiest day because over 100 thousand people died. This also was the first southern invasion. Technically, no one won this battle, but it was Union strategic. Many people thought that this was the battle that saved Lincoln's second election. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The battle of Antetam was the grounds of for the Emancipation Proclamiation. The Emancipation didn't outlaw slavery, but many people thought it did, nor did it attempt to free slaves. The Emancipation Proclamation strengthen the union. The Emancipation was the turning point of the world. The Emancipation was came about, it promoted "military measures". -
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Presidential Reconstruction
The presidential reconstruction wanted by Lincoln and Johnson. Both wanted the 10 percent plan meaning, the former confederates pledged a 10 percent loyalty oath that they would emancipate their slaves. This reconstruction also wanted the states that seceded to join the union quick and easy. Lincoln and Johnson did not want to punish the south. The presidential reconstruction gave political and social equality. -
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Battle of Vicksburg
Gave the Union control over the Mississippi River. This split the Confederate to stay over an important route. Once the Union blocked these major routes, the Confederate couldn't get the supplies that they need. Union won this battle. -
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Battle of Gettysburg
This battle was the last attempt of the South to invade the North. There were 1/3 of his fighting force was dead or wounded. This battle was fought in Pennsylvania, but Lee retreated to Virginia. The battle was a huge turning point. The union won this battle. -
Gettysburg Address
Abraham Lincoln gave this address. He talked about the struggle of the Civil War and wanted to fulfill the Declaration of Independent. The speech was given in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Gettysburg field was dedicated to the soldiers that died there. -
Sherman's March to the Sea
Sherman's main goal was to march to the Port of Savannah. He wanted to frighten the people of Georgia. Sherman lead 60 thousand soldiers from Atlanta to Savannah. Sherman and the soldiers didn't burn any of the towns, but they did burn barns and houses. They also stole food and livestock if the people tried to fight back. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery. Known as one of the Reconstruction Amendment. This amendment was used for both the Radical Republican and Presidential. In southern states created black codes to demonstrate they were not willing to recognize freedmen. -
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Congressional Reconstruction
This reconstruction was divided into 5 military districts. The Congressional Reconstruction left Union Generals in charge. Required to ratify the 14th Amendment, which was citizenship. The states submit to the will of the federal government. The Radical Republicans or Congressional Reconstruction wanted to punish the south. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment gave citizenship to all born in the United States. Former slaves also got citizenship. This amendment had to be ratified for the Radical Republicans Reconstruction. Overturned the Dred Scott decision. All rights were protected under the law. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment allowed all men the right to vote. This later changed because the government would soon make a poll tax and literacy test made for mostly poor whites and African Americans. The government was more lenient with poor whites when they made the grandfather clause. This allowed everyone that had a grandfather who could have a vote before the 15th Amendment the right to vote. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Started the new doctrine "Sperate but Equal". This doctrine means there can be two of the same things just not the same people using them. This case also started segregation as a whole. After the case, Southern states created "Jim Crow Laws". These laws made everything segregated, from the schools to restrooms.