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Adopted by the Confederation Congress on July 13, 1787, the Northwest Ordinance chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, established a method for admitting new states from the territory to the Union, and specified a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory.It also protected civil liberties and outlawed slavery in the new territories.
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The acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803 was the Louisiana Purchase. For fifteen million dollars in exchange.The purchase doubled the size of the United States, greatly strengthened the country materially and strategically, provided a powerful impetus to westward expansion, and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal Constitution.
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In 1819 there were equal free states and slave states. When Missouri applied as a slave state, it threatened that balance.
In addition, Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also, drew the line for the expansion of slavery at 36’30” line. This allowed for admission of Missouri as the 24th state. It marked the beginning of the prolonged sectional conflict over the extension of slavery that led to the American Civil War. -
Great Britain then developed strong trade ties with Latin American countries. Great Britain encourages the United States to support them in opposing re-establishment of colonial claims in Latin America. Monroe Doctrine to warn European countries not to recolonize Latin America. the Monroe Doctrine was used as a basis for future presidents’ involvement with Latin American affairs which will ultimately lead to resentment among Latin Americans.
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States’ rights- states have the right to declare a federal law (or tax) null and void if it harms that state. The federal government passed a very high protective tariff, which angered the South. A compromise was reached, and the tariff was lowered and South Carolina was forced by threat to pay the tariff but, SC did not give up the right of states to nullify acts of Congress. The Nullification Crisis was the first time tensions between state and federal authority almost led to a civil war.
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The annexation of Texas was the annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America in 1845. On December 29, 1845, Texas was admitted to the Union as the 28th state.
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With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in exchange for $15 million and the assumption of Mexican debts to American citizens.This revived the slavery issue, Mexico ceded over 525,000 square miles of land to the United States. The core of the treaty defined the "Mexican Cession," the territory that Mexico was obliged to cede to the United States as a result of the war.
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The Oregon Treaty granted US control south of the 49th parallel and avoiding war. It also ended 28 years of joint occupancy of the Pacific Northwest. The signing of the treaty in 1846 was important to Manifest Destiny because it showed the U.S. was willing to fight for westward expansion.With this new land, the U.S created several new territories that would soon turn into the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana.
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Introduced the principle of popular sovereignty (voters vote on issue of slavery in state) to decide the slave question. California is admitted as a free state. Proposed the "New Fugitive slave law" that required north to return runaway slaves. he Compromise of 1850 consists of five laws passed in September of 1850 that dealt with the issue of slavery and territorial expansion
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Stephan Douglass proposes popular sovereignty (letting the people decide) whether Kansas and Nebraska would be slave or free states. This led to Bleeding Kansas when both pro and anti-slavery supporters attempted to sway the votes, leading to violence and deaths.Kansas Nebraska Act overturned the Missouri Compromise, by allowing popular sovereignty north of 36’30. Established “Bleeding Kansas,” as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote.
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Bleeding Kansas was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, United States. These events emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas. Kansans engaged in a violent guerrilla war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in an event known as Bleeding Kansas which significantly shaped American politics and contributed to the coming of the Civil War.
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The Battle of Fort Sumter began on April 12, 186. Confederate forces fired on the Union held garrison. The garrison commander surrendered on April 13th, and was evacuated the next day. Fort Sumter allowed the Confederates to create a valuable hole in the Union blockade of the Atlantic seaboard.
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First Battle of Bull Run was a Confederate victory. It showed war was going to be longer and more deadly than most thought. Lincoln replaced McDowell with General George G. McClellan in hopes he would lead the Union to victory. This marked the first major land battle of the American Civil War.
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The single bloodiest day of the war. First Southern invasion into North. Although the Union experienced more losses than the Confederacy, Lee retreated to Virginia and Lincoln had found the opportunity he needed to move forward with Emancipation Proclamation. The battle ended the Confederate invasion of Maryland in 1862 and resulted in a Union victory.
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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Emancipation Proclamation did not attempt to free slaves in the regions under Confederate control or in the border states. the Emancipation Proclamation led the way to total abolition of slavery in the United States.
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Grant lays siege against Vicksburg after multiple attempts to capture the city. Lincoln believes the capture of Vicksburg is key to bringing an end to the war. The surrender of Vicksburg, and Port Hudson, Louisiana days later, split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River and gave the Union control of the river. Key turning point in western theatre. This was a decisive Union victory during the American Civil War.
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Lee set off to Pennsylvania to take some Union ground. Although the Confederates seemed victorious as night fell on the first night of the battle, swift thinking and action on the part of the Union put them at an advantage. Lee retreats to Virginia, nearly ⅓ of his fighting force was dead or wounded. It is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War.
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Lincoln visits the Gettysburg battle field to dedicate a cemetery for the fallen soldiers. He describes the Civil War as a struggle to fulfill the Declaration of Independence and preserve a nation “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal”. Lincoln, purpose of war--preserve Union/democracy. He invoked the principles of human equality contained in the Declaration of Independence
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The Congressional Reconstruction's plan was to punish the south. It also, split the former Confederacy into 5 military districts controlled by the US Army to better enforce the Reconstruction amendments and the rights they accorded to freedmen. It's important to us history because it ended slavery and extended many civil rights to black Americans.
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Sherman's March to the Sea was an American Civil War military operation waged around Georgia. Sherman also followed the total war strategy. He led his forces on a march to the sea.
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This plan, proposed by Lincoln prior to his assassination, stated that only 10% of southern voters from the 1860 election needed to wear an aoth to the Union and accept the terms of emancipating their slaves. Reconstruction gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South.
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13th amendment passed and ended slavery. Southern states had to recognize 13th Amendment before they could form governments. Black codes demonstrated southerners not willing to recognize rights of freedmen. The 13th amendment is important to us history because it abolished slavery in the United States.
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14th amendment passed & granted all men birthright citizenship if you were born in the US. Birthright Citizenship overturned Dred Scott decision by recognizing citizenship of African Americans.Right of all citizens to equal protection under the law and due process of law. It strengthened the federal government's power over the States, particularly regarding State treatment of citizens. It provided the legal framework for the civil rights movement relating to racial discrimination.
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15th amendment passed & allowed all MEN to vote. This ensured right to vote and by desire of Republican party to establish its political power in the South. The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote by declaring that "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
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The decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". Plessy v. Ferguson was important because it essentially established the constitutionality of racial segregation.