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Virginia calls a special session of its assembly to consider a convention over the question of secession.
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By 1860, the majority of the slave states were publicly threatening secession if the Republicans, the anti-slavery party, won the presidency. Following Republican Abraham Lincoln's victory over the divided Democratic Party.
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In Montgomery, Alabama, delegates from South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana convene to establish the Confederate States of America.
As early as 1858, the ongoing conflict between the North and the South over the issue of slavery led Southern leadership to discuss a unified separation from the United States. -
In February 1861, representatives from the six seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama, to formally establish a unified government, which they named the Confederate States of America. On February 9, Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected the Confederacy's first president. (Against the Union, and Abraham Lincoln).
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By the time Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated in March 1861, Texas had joined the Confederacy, and federal troops held only Fort Sumter in South Carolina, Fort Pickens off the Florida coast, and a handful of minor outposts in the South.
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On April 12, 1861, General Beauregard, in command of the Confederate forces around Charleston Harbor, opened fire on the Union garrison holding Fort Sumter. At 2:30pm on April 13 Major Robert Anderson, garrison commander, surrendered the fort and was evacuated the next day.
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Rally for the Union. Another call for volunteers. Three Hundred Thousand Soldiers Wanted. A Proclaimation.
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Contraband was a term commonly used in the United States military during the American Civil War to describe a new status for certain escaped slaves or those who affiliated with Union forces. The Army (and the United States Congress) determined that the US would not return escaped slaves who went to Union lines and classified them as contraband.
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Surprisingly the U. S. Sanitary Commission was "organized by civilians, run by civilians and funded by civilians." Church congregations, ladies aid societies and groups of all kinds volunteered to make and collect goods for soldiers in the field.
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This was the first major land battle of the armies in Virginia.
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James Henry Crittenden of Kentucky came up with the Crittenden Compromise. The proposed ammendments of the Crittenden Compromise was designed to appease the South. Slavery was to be prohibited north of the 36 degrees, 30', but south to that (including cuba and mexico if ever purchased) would be given federal protection to slavery. However, Lincoln flatly rejected it and with that all hope reconciliation evaporated. The Crittenden Compromise failed.
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