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alleged fugitive slaves were not entitled to a rial by jury. In addition, anyone who was caught helping a fugitive was liable for a fine of $1,000 and imprisionment for up to 6 months.
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Freee slaves and white abolishionists developed a secret network. It was a system of escape routes. "conductors" hid fugitives in secret tunnels or false cupboards provided with food and clothing until brought to next station until they reached the North
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Under Monroe's presidency, agreements were made that Maine was to be admitted as a free state while Missouri is admitterd as a slave state. the 36 Degree 30' north latitude was set as well. South of line slavery was legal, Nortyh was illegal
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One of the busiest routes that stretched 780 miles from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe in New Mexico, each spring american traders loaded covered wagons full of goods and set out for Santa Fe. Americans feared Native American attacks the first 150 miles
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The main settlement of the colony. named after Stephen F. Austin. He asked Mexico and Spain after winning independence if he could carry out his fathers wishes and created a colony where no drunkard, no gambler, no profane swearer and no idler was allowed.
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William Lloyd Garrison, avtive in religious reform movements, became the editor of an antislavery paper. Then 3 years later he established his own paper, the liberator to deliver an uncompromising demand: immediate emancipation
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Many settlers had brought their slaves with them to Texas, but when Mexico abolished slavery, they demanded the Texans release their slaves
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The movement to abolish slavery, hich became the most important of all reform movements. James Forton was born free, but when many people argued blacks should go back to Africa, he disagreed
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Nat Turner, a Virginia slave, and more than 50 followers attacked 4 plantations and killed about 60 whites. The whites eventually captured and killed many members, including Turner
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In 1833 Austin presents a petition before Mexico City. On his way home, he was imprisoned for inciting a revolution
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Two methodist missionaries traveled by wagon proving that a wagon could make it on the Oregon trail. from Independence, Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon.
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The 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained independence from Mexico
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expressed the belief that the United States was ordained to expand to the Pacific Ocean into Mexican and Native American territory.
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Hoped the U.S would annex their republic, but the U.S opinion divided between sectional lines. Wanted to be a slave state and Northerners feared more slavery would tip balance in senate favor of slave states. in 1845 Texas entered union
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Lincoln and Douglass both opposed slavery, buthad different views on keeping it out. Douglass believed in Popular Sovereignty, while Lincoln believed it was immoral. He did not eexpect individuals to give it up, and it would not be abolished unless congress passed an amendment. Douglass won senate seat, but Lincoln was considered by many for the 1860 presidential election
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Fredrick Douglass became oan outspoken critic of slavery. Hoping that abolition could be acheived without violence,He broke away from Garrison who believed the any action is necessary for abolition, Douglass began his own antislavery paper called the North Star after the star that guided runaway slaves
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Rio Grande being boarder between Texas and Mexico, ceded New Mexico and California territories. U.S pay 15 million fo cession.
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Tbman heard rumors that she was to be sold after her owner died, fearing this possibility she made a break for freedom, after the fugitive slavery act was put in place she became one of the conductors and helped 300 slaves, including her parents, to freedom
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California admitted as a free state. the south proposed new and more effective fugitive slave law. A provision allowed to vote for or against slavery, Popular Sovereignty for residents of New Mexico/Utah area
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Harriet Beacher Stowe published her novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin which stressed that slavery was not just a political contest, but a moral struggle.
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Kansas-Nebraska territory split in North and South of 36 30'. Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south. If bill passed could repeal Missouri Compromise.
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Dred Scott was a slave whose owner took him from the slave state of Missouri to free land and back to Missouri. court ruled against him. The court ruled that being in a free state does not make a slave free, because the 5th amendment proteceted propery, including slaves
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They debated on slavery and territory. While they both agreed to get rid of slavery, they disagreed about how to get rid of it, Lincoln believed slavery was immoral while Douglass believed in popular sovereignty. Lincoln believed that an individual would not give up slaves but an amendment would have to be passed by congress
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Led 21 men into Harpers Ferry Virginia. He aimed to seize the federal arsenal and start slave uprising. Troops immediately put down rebellion and put Brown to death. The response in the South- Mobs assulted whites who had antislavery veiws. In the North guns gired, salutes and huge crowds gathered
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Republicans nominated Lincoln because he was moderate with his views. although he pleged to stop spreading of slavery, but Republican administers would not interfer with southerners and their slaves. Lincoln emerged as winner against Vice Persident John C. Breckinridge - Kentucky and John Bell-Tennesee
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Mississippi, South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Delegates from these states met in Montgomery, Alabama where they formed Confederacy. Jefferson Davis was elected president
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Confederate soldiers began seizing federal forts, the most important was Fort Sumter an island on. Lincoln did not abandon nor reinforce it. he sent in food for hungry men
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First bloodshed after Fort Sumters fell near Bull Run (creek) just 25 miles from Washington, D.C. The battle was a seasaw affair. The union army gained upper hand but Confederates held firm inspired by Stonewall Jackson confederates won, and many were confident war wwas over so they left to return home
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McCellan ordered his men to persue Lee, the two sides fought September 17 which proved to be the bloodiest single day battle with more than 26,000 casualties. The next day instead of marching the confederates to Virginia and possibly ending war, McCellan did nothing and as a result Lincoln removed him from command
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Congress decided in order to help pay for the war by collecting the nations first Income Tax. which takes a specific percentage from an individuals income.
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Lincoln ordered the emancipation of slaves. It was not just a moral issue, but aa weapon of war. The proclamation did not free slaves immediately, but gave a moral purpose for turning the struggle into a fight to free slaves. It also ensured a compromise was no longer possible
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Grant began weakening confederate defense that protected Vicksburg. Grant led army south of Vicksburg on April 30. Union became more confident. food supplies ran low and city fell July 4
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3 day battle that produced 23,000 union and 28,000 confederates were wounded or killed. July 1-july 3. Union calvary Buford ordered his men to take positions in hills and ridges of Gettysburg. on second day of battle, confederates drove union out of gettysburg. July 3rd Lee ordered artillary barrrage on center of Union lines on cemetary ridge
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A draft that forced men to serve in the army, In the north, Conscription led to violent riots.
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William Tecumseh Sherman began his march southeast through Georgia to the sea creating a path of destruction, he was determined to make southerners sick of war. 25,000 ex-slaves followed him to destroy Lee.
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Lee and Grant met at a private home to arrange a confederate surrender, At Lincolns request, the terms were generous. after 4 years Civil War was over
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John Wilkes Booth, a 26 year old actor and southern sympathizer. He commited the act in a theatre in Washinton during the third act he crept up behind the president and shot him in the head.
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It stated " Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States" The president believed this was the only solution to abolishing slavery
